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Related Concept Videos

Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:03

Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview

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Step-growth or condensation polymerization is a stepwise reaction of bi or multifunctional monomers to form long-chain polymers. As all the monomers are reactive, most of the monomers are consumed at the early stages of the reaction to form small chains of reactive oligomers, which then combine to form long polymer chains in the late stages. Hence, the reaction has to proceed for a long time to achieve high molecular weight polymers.
Many natural and synthetic polymers are produced by...
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Ziegler–Natta Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:17

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Ziegler–Natta polymerization is another form of addition or chain‐growth polymerization used for synthesizing linear polymers over branched polymers. The catalyst used for polymerization is the Ziegler–Natta catalyst, named after Karl Ziegler and Giulio Natta, who developed it in 1953. This catalyst is an organometallic complex of titanium tetrachloride and triethyl aluminum, with the active form of the catalyst being an alkyl titanium compound. Using the Ziegler–Natta...
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Polymers02:34

Polymers

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The word polymer is derived from the Greek words “poly” which means “many” and “mer” which means “parts”. Polymers are long chains of molecules composed of repeating units of smaller molecules, known as monomers. They either occur naturally, such as DNA and proteins, or can be constructed synthetically, like plastics. They have varied structural characteristics, such as linear chains, branched chains, or complex networks, that contribute to the...
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Polymer Classification: Stereospecificity01:26

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Polymerization generates chiral centers along the entire backbone of a polymer chain. Accordingly, the stereochemistry of the substituent group has a significant effect on polymer properties. Polymers formed from monosubstituted alkene monomers feature chiral carbons at every alternate position in the polymer backbone. Relative to the predominant orientation of substituents at the adjacent chiral carbons, the polymer can exist in three different configurations: isotactic, syndiotactic, and...
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Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Acyclic Diene Metathesis (ADMET)00:53

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Acyclic diene metathesis polymerization or ADMET polymerization involves cross-metathesis of terminal dienes, such as 1,8-nonadiene, to give linear unsaturated polymer and ethylene. As ADMET is a reversible process, the formed ethylene gas must be removed from the reaction mixture to complete the polymerization process.
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Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism01:04

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

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The mechanism for anionic chain-growth polymerization involves initiation, propagation, and termination steps. In the initiation step, a nucleophilic anion, such as butyl lithium, initiates the polymerization process by attacking the π bond of the vinylic monomer. As a result, a carbanion, stabilized by the electron‐withdrawing group, is generated. The resulting carbanion acts as a Michael donor in the propagation step and attacks the second vinylic monomer, which acts as a Michael...
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Updated: Jul 30, 2025

Synthesis of Cyclic Polymers and Characterization of Their Diffusive Motion in the Melt State at the Single Molecule Level
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Synthesis of Cyclic Polymers and Characterization of Their Diffusive Motion in the Melt State at the Single Molecule Level

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Cyclic Polymers: Controlled Synthesis, Properties and Perspectives.

Run-Tan Gao1, Lei Xu2, Shi-Yi Li1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China.

Chemistry (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|May 15, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cyclic polymers offer unique properties compared to linear ones. This review covers their synthesis, properties, and applications, highlighting challenges and future directions for these advanced materials.

Keywords:
Controlled synthesisCyclic polymerFunctional polymerRing-closingRing-expansion

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Area of Science:

  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Cyclic polymers are gaining attention for their distinct topological structures.
  • Their properties and functions differ significantly from linear polymer counterparts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in the synthesis of cyclic polymers.
  • To explore the properties and applications of synthetic cyclic polymers.
  • To critically assess current research and identify future challenges and solutions.

Main Methods:

  • Discussion of ring closure and ring expansion synthetic methodologies.
  • Review of experimental studies on cyclic polymer properties.
  • Analysis of preliminary application-based research.

Main Results:

  • Cyclic polymers exhibit unique topologies and properties.
  • Various synthetic routes are available for their preparation.
  • Emerging applications are being explored.

Conclusions:

  • Efficient synthesis and broad applications of cyclic polymers are promising research areas.
  • Overcoming current challenges is key to unlocking their full potential.
  • Further investigation into cyclic polymer synthesis and applications is warranted.