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Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Liquid-cell Transmission Electron Microscopy for Tracking Self-assembly of Nanoparticles
08:39

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Self-assembly coupled to liquid-liquid phase separation.

Michael F Hagan1, Farzaneh Mohajerani1

  • 1Martin A. Fisher School of Physics, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts, United States of America.

Plos Computational Biology
|May 15, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Liquid condensate droplets enhance reversible self-assembly by concentrating subunits, increasing assembly rates and robustness against errors. This has implications for cellular processes and nanomaterial design.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry and Biophysics
  • Cell Biology
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Biological cells contain liquid condensate droplets with diverse protein and nucleic acid compositions.
  • These compartments are known to regulate irreversible protein aggregation.
  • Their impact on reversible self-assembly processes is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how liquid-liquid phase separation influences the reversible self-assembly of structures.
  • To explore the effects on assembly rates, robustness, and the range of conditions for productive assembly.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing kinetic theory and solution thermodynamics.
  • Analyzing rate equation predictions with scaling estimates.
  • Examining the influence of subunit partitioning into liquid compartments.

Main Results:

  • Preferential partitioning of assembling subunits into liquid compartments significantly boosts assembly rates.
  • Robustness against kinetic traps is enhanced.
  • The range of solution conditions promoting productive assembly and the assembly rates can increase by orders of magnitude.

Conclusions:

  • Liquid-liquid phase separation can dramatically improve reversible self-assembly efficiency and reliability.
  • Findings offer insights into cellular self-assembly in health and disease.
  • Suggests strategies for designing advanced bottom-up nanomaterials.