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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
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Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
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The development of the vascular system in a fetus is a complex and intricate process that begins as early as 15 to 16 days post-conception. This process starts outside the embryo, specifically in the mesoderm of the yolk sac, chorion, and connecting stalk. Approximately two days later, the formation of blood vessels occurs within the embryo itself.
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Comparative study of microvascular structural changes in the gestational diabetic placenta.

Xinyan Liang1, Jiaqi Zhang2,3, Yu Wang2,3

  • 1Postgraduate Training Base of Xiangyang First People's Hospital, Jinzhou Medical University, Xiangyang, China.

Diabetes & Vascular Disease Research
|May 15, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) significantly alters placental structure, leading to larger placentas and impaired microvascular development. These findings highlight GDM's impact on placental morphology and function.

Keywords:
Blood vessel castinggestational diabetesgross morphologymicrovasculaturepathological changesplacenta

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Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Pathology
  • Vascular Biology

Background:

  • Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common pregnancy complication.
  • Placental changes in GDM are not fully understood.
  • Investigating placental morphology can aid in GDM diagnosis and prognosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare microvascular morphology and pathological changes in placentas from GDM patients and healthy controls.
  • To generate data for GDM diagnosis and prognostic determination.

Main Methods:

  • A case-control study involving 60 placentas (30 GDM, 30 controls).
  • Analysis of placental size, weight, volume, umbilical cord diameter, and gestational age.
  • Histological examination and placental vascular casting with scanning electron microscopy.

Main Results:

  • GDM placentas were significantly larger with increased umbilical cord diameter.
  • Increased immature villi, fibrinoid necrosis, calcification, and vascular thrombosis in GDM placentas.
  • GDM placental microvessels showed sparse terminal branches and reduced villous volume.

Conclusions:

  • GDM induces significant gross and histological changes in the placenta.
  • Placental microvascular alterations are a key feature of GDM.
  • These findings contribute to understanding GDM's impact on placental development.