Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

4.8K
Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The...
4.8K
Functions of Thyroid Hormones01:18

Functions of Thyroid Hormones

2.9K
The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
TH is indispensable for the normal development and maturation of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems during fetal and childhood growth. It facilitates bone mineral turnover and regulates protein synthesis in developing tissues, contributing significantly to overall growth and...
2.9K
The Thyroid Gland01:23

The Thyroid Gland

4.0K
The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...
4.0K
Hormones and Bone Tissue01:17

Hormones and Bone Tissue

2.8K
The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
Hormones That Influence Osteoblasts and/or Maintain the Matrix
Several hormones are necessary for controlling bone growth and maintaining the bone matrix. The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone (GH), which, as its name implies, controls bone growth. This happens in several ways: first, it triggers chondrocyte...
2.8K
Regulation of Hormone Secretion01:19

Regulation of Hormone Secretion

3.6K
Regulation of hormone secretion is a finely tuned orchestration driven by various types of stimuli, encompassing neural, humoral, and hormonal signals. Environmental cues instigate neural stimuli, where action potentials traverse nerve fibers to reach their designated targets. An illustrative scenario is the body's response to stress, wherein the sympathetic nervous system releases epinephrine from the adrenal glands, inducing the well-known 'fight or flight' reaction.
Humoral...
3.6K
Synthesis and Functions of Calcitonin00:51

Synthesis and Functions of Calcitonin

2.0K
Calcitonin, a vital polypeptide hormone, regulates calcium levels within body fluids. It is released by the parafollicular cells, also known as C cells, situated in the follicular epithelium of the thyroid gland. Calcitonin responds to fluctuations in blood calcium levels and the influence of gastrointestinal hormones like gastrin and cholecystokinin.
The exact mechanisms by which calcitonin operates in calcium homeostasis remain elusive, but its significance is evident in several vital...
2.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Morphology-Embedded Signatures of Lattice Strain in Ferroelectric BaTiO<sub>3</sub> Thin Films Revealed by Machine Learning.

Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)·2026
Same author

OpenDicomViewer: A Lightweight Open-Source DICOM Viewer for macOS Built with Swift.

Journal of imaging informatics in medicine·2026
Same author

Association between Thrombus Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Content and Ischemic Stroke Recurrence.

Journal of thrombosis and haemostasis : JTH·2026
Same author

Different Long-Term Outcomes According to Thrombus Histology in Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke.

Journal of stroke·2026
Same author

Combined Oral Anticoagulant and Antiplatelet for Atrial Fibrillation and Cerebral Atherosclerosis: A Meta-Analysis.

Journal of stroke·2026
Same author

Distinct positional identity at the center of the caudal fin establishes forked shape.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 30, 2025

An Ex vivo Culture System to Study Thyroid Development
08:33

An Ex vivo Culture System to Study Thyroid Development

Published on: June 6, 2014

11.6K

Thyroid hormone regulates proximodistal patterning in fin rays.

Melody Harper1, Yinan Hu1, Joan Donahue1

  • 1Biology Department, Morrissey College of Arts and Sciences, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|May 15, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Thyroid hormone (TH) controls fin ray patterning along the proximodistal axis, coordinating segment shortening and bifurcations independently of fin size. This finding reveals conserved mechanisms in fin development and regeneration.

Keywords:
fin raysproximodistal patterningregenerationthyroid hormonezebrafish fins

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: In Vivo Assessment of Thyroid Hormone Disruption Using the THAI Mouse Model
04:14

Author Spotlight: In Vivo Assessment of Thyroid Hormone Disruption Using the THAI Mouse Model

Published on: October 6, 2023

903
In vivo Electroporation of Morpholinos into the Regenerating Adult Zebrafish Tail Fin
07:22

In vivo Electroporation of Morpholinos into the Regenerating Adult Zebrafish Tail Fin

Published on: March 29, 2012

17.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 30, 2025

An Ex vivo Culture System to Study Thyroid Development
08:33

An Ex vivo Culture System to Study Thyroid Development

Published on: June 6, 2014

11.6K
Author Spotlight: In Vivo Assessment of Thyroid Hormone Disruption Using the THAI Mouse Model
04:14

Author Spotlight: In Vivo Assessment of Thyroid Hormone Disruption Using the THAI Mouse Model

Published on: October 6, 2023

903
In vivo Electroporation of Morpholinos into the Regenerating Adult Zebrafish Tail Fin
07:22

In vivo Electroporation of Morpholinos into the Regenerating Adult Zebrafish Tail Fin

Published on: March 29, 2012

17.0K

Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Endocrinology
  • Evolutionary Biology

Background:

  • Fin size regulation is well-studied, but patterning signals along the proximodistal axis remain unclear.
  • Fin rays exhibit progressive shortening and specific bifurcation patterns along the proximodistal axis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of thyroid hormone (TH) in regulating proximodistal fin ray patterning.
  • To determine if TH's role in patterning is conserved across species and developmental contexts (development vs. regeneration).

Main Methods:

  • Utilized zebrafish fin mutants to study gene expression and skeletal development.
  • Investigated the effects of TH manipulation on fin ray morphology and gene expression.
  • Examined the role of specific thyroid hormone receptors (Thrab, Thraa, Thrb) in patterning.

Main Results:

  • Thyroid hormone (TH) promotes distal gene expression, coordinating ray bifurcations and segment shortening with skeletal outgrowth.
  • TH's distalizing role is conserved in both fin development and regeneration across different fins and species (zebrafish and medaka).
  • TH acutely induces Shh-mediated skeletal bifurcation during regeneration; unliganded Thrab inhibits distal feature formation.

Conclusions:

  • Proximodistal fin ray morphology is regulated independently of size-instructive signals.
  • Modulating TH signaling or hormone-independent pathways can alter skeletal patterning, potentially explaining natural fin ray diversity.