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Replicative cell senescence is a property of cells that allows them to divide a finite number of times throughout the organism's lifespan while preventing excessive proliferation. Replicative senescence is associated with the gradual loss of the telomere — short, repetitive DNA sequences found at the end of the chromosomes. Telomeres are bound by a group of proteins to form a protective cap on the ends of chromosomes. Embryonic stem cells express telomerase — an enzyme that adds...
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Aging is a complex biological phenomenon influenced by various processes that affect cellular and systemic functions. Several prominent theories attempt to explain its mechanisms, highlighting cellular limitations, oxidative damage, and hormonal changes as central factors in aging.
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Utilizing Murine Inducible Telomerase Alleles in the Studies of Tissue Degeneration/Regeneration and Cancer
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Links between telomere dysfunction and hallmarks of aging.

Sheng Li1, Zhihao Liu1, Jing Zhang1

  • 1Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.

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PubMed
Summary

Aging involves a decline in body functions, increasing disease risk. This review explores how telomere (the protective caps of chromosomes) dysfunction connects to aging hallmarks and age-related diseases like cancer and neurodegeneration.

Keywords:
AgingDNA damage responseTelomeraseTelomere dysfunctionTelomeres

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology and molecular biology
  • Cellular and molecular mechanisms of aging

Background:

  • Aging is a natural process characterized by progressive physiological decline.
  • This decline elevates the risk of chronic diseases, mortality, and healthcare costs.
  • The hallmarks of aging represent interconnected molecular and cellular pathways driving senescence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of telomere dysfunction in aging.
  • To analyze the interplay between telomere dysfunction and other aging hallmarks.
  • To understand telomere's contribution to age-related diseases and identify therapeutic targets.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on aging hallmarks and telomere biology.
  • Analysis of interrelationships between telomere dysfunction and other aging hallmarks.
  • Examination of telomere's role in the pathogenesis of neurodegeneration, cardiovascular disease, and cancer.

Main Results:

  • Telomere dysfunction is a key factor in aging, interacting with other hallmarks.
  • Telomere attrition and dysfunction contribute significantly to the initiation and progression of major age-related diseases.
  • Understanding these links can guide the development of targeted therapies.

Conclusions:

  • Telomere maintenance and function are critical for healthy aging.
  • Targeting telomere-related pathways may offer novel strategies for preventing and treating age-related diseases.
  • Further research can lead to interventions that improve healthspan and reduce disease burden in aging populations.