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Updated: Jul 30, 2025

Methods for Staging Pupal Periods and Measurement of Wing Pigmentation of Drosophila guttifera
Published on: January 24, 2018
Golden ratio in venation patterns of dragonfly wings
Keene Lu1,2,3, Samson Shen1,2, Lisa M Miller1
1National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA.
Abstract:
The vein pattern in insect wings allows this lightweight structure to carry multiple biological functions. Here, an investigation of the angular distribution of the vein struts in dragonfly wings revealed that the golden angle or golden ratio dominates the venation patterns. We find that the golden angle dominates the intervein angles in regions where thin veins and membranes demand strength reinforcement. A golden ratio partition method has thus been developed that explains a set of preferred intervein angles in distorted polygon-shaped venation cells throughout the venation pattern in dragonfly wings. These observations provide new evidence that the wing structure is spatially optimized, by the golden rule in nature, for supporting biomechanical functions of dragonfly wings.
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