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Entropy Change in Reversible Processes01:10

Entropy Change in Reversible Processes

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In the Carnot engine, which achieves the maximum efficiency between two reservoirs of fixed temperatures, the total change in entropy is zero. The observation can be generalized by considering any reversible cyclic process consisting of many Carnot cycles. Thus, it can be stated that the total entropy change of any ideal reversible cycle is zero.
The statement can be further generalized to prove that entropy is a state function. Take a cyclic process between any two points on a p-V diagram.
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Masking and Demasking Agents01:19

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EDTA titrations may necessitate masking and demasking agents to temporarily protect a particular metal ion in a mixture from the EDTA reaction. These agents facilitate the sequential analysis of the metal ions by forming stable complexes with some—but not all—metal ions during certain steps.
There are many masking agents, such as cyanide, fluoride, triethanolamine, thiourea, and 2,3-bis(sulfanyl)propan-1-ol (formerly 2,3-dimercapto-1-propanol), with the masking agent chosen based on...
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Reversible and Irreversible Processes01:14

Reversible and Irreversible Processes

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The thermodynamic processes can be classified into reversible and irreversible processes. The processes that can be restored to their initial state are called reversible processes. It is only possible if the process is in quasi-static equilibrium, i.e., it takes place in infinitesimally small steps, and the system remains at equilibrium However, these are ideal processes and do not occur naturally. An ideal system undergoing a reversible process is always in thermodynamic equilibrium within...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 30, 2025

Swin-PSAxialNet: An Efficient Multi-Organ Segmentation Technique
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A Multi-Directional Pixel-Swapping Approach (MPSA) for Entropy-Retained Reversible Data Hiding in Encrypted Images.

Shaiju Panchikkil1, V M Manikandan1, Yudong Zhang2

  • 1Department of Computer Science and Engineering, SRM University-AP, Amaravati 522502, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)
|May 16, 2023
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a novel reversible data hiding (RDH) scheme for real-time applications. The MPSA scheme offers a good balance between embedding rate and computational time while enhancing encrypted image security.

Keywords:
block partitionentropypixel swappingreversible data hidingsecure data transmission

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Area of Science:

  • Computer Science
  • Information Security
  • Digital Image Processing

Background:

  • Reversible data hiding (RDH) is crucial for secure data transmission in various fields.
  • Existing RDH schemes often lack real-time capabilities and can compromise encrypted image security.
  • There is a need for RDH solutions that balance payload capacity, computational efficiency, and security.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a novel RDH scheme, MPSA, suitable for real-time applications.
  • To achieve high information embedding rates with minimal computational time.
  • To enhance encrypted image security without altering image entropy.

Main Methods:

  • The proposed scheme encrypts the cover image using a stream cipher and partitions it into blocks.
  • Secret information is embedded into encrypted blocks using a controlled local pixel-swapping approach.
  • The MPSA scheme allows hiding two bits per encrypted block.

Main Results:

  • The MPSA scheme demonstrates a good compromise between embedding rate and computational time.
  • The method effectively hides data while maintaining the original image quality and encrypted image entropy.
  • Experimental results validate the scheme's competency in terms of payload and processing speed.

Conclusions:

  • The MPSA scheme provides an effective solution for real-time reversible data hiding.
  • It enhances data security by preserving the entropy of encrypted images.
  • The proposed approach is suitable for applications requiring efficient and secure data embedding.