Bio-Inspired Autonomous Navigation and Formation Controller for Differential Mobile Robots

This article proposes a decentralized controller for differential mobile robots, providing autonomous navigation and obstacle avoidance by enforcing a formation toward trajectory tracking. The control system relies on dynamic modeling, which integrates evasion forces from obstacles, formation forces, and path-following forces. The resulting control loop can be seen as a dynamic extension of the kinematic model for the differential mobile robot, producing linear and angular velocities fed to the mobile robot's kinematic model and thus passed to the low-level wheel controller. Using the Lyapunov method, the closed-loop stability is proven for the non-collision case. Experimental and simulated results that support the stability analysis and the performance of the proposed controller are shown.