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Long transients and dendritic network structure affect spatial predator-prey dynamics in experimental microcosms.

Matthew D Green1, Clara A Woodie1, Megan Whitesell1

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Spatial network structures promote predator-prey persistence through long transients. Network shape influences these dynamics, with predators persisting in connected networks but not isolated ones.

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Theoretical Ecology
  • Population Dynamics

Background:

  • Spatial dynamics can enhance the persistence of interacting predator-prey populations.
  • Theoretical models predict long transients in spatial predator-prey systems, where dynamics unfold over many generations.
  • Spatial network structure is hypothesized to influence the form and duration of these transients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To empirically investigate the role of spatial dynamics and network structure on predator-prey persistence.
  • To examine the influence of different spatial network structures (isolated, dendritic, lattice) on population dynamics.
  • To assess the impact of long transients and network connectivity on predator and prey occupancy patterns.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized protist microcosms to study predator-prey dynamics over extended periods (>100 predator generations).
  • Implemented three distinct experimental spatial structures: isolated, dendritic (river-like), and lattice networks.
  • Monitored densities and occupancy patterns of both predator and prey populations across treatments.

Main Results:

  • Predators persisted in dendritic and lattice networks but went extinct in isolated treatments.
  • Long transients, characterized by three distinct phases, preceded predator persistence.
  • Network structure influenced transient dynamics and occupancy patterns, with predators favoring connected areas and prey favoring isolated ones.

Conclusions:

  • Spatial dynamics significantly promote food web persistence, particularly in structured networks.
  • Long transients are a key feature of these dynamics and are modulated by spatial network architecture.
  • Trophic interactions and spatial connectivity patterns are critical determinants of population persistence in complex food webs.