[Therapeutic Strategies for Neuromyelitis Optica]

Treatments for acute attacks of neuromyelitis optica (NMO) include steroid pulse therapy, plasma exchange, and intravenous immunoglobulin. Oral immunosuppressants, such as prednisolone and azathioprine, have also been used to prevent relapse. Recently, biologic agents such as eculizumab, satralizumab, inebilizumab, and rituximab have been approved for use in Japan. Although side effects caused by steroid therapy have been issues for patients in the past, active use of the newly approved biologics is expected to help patients avoid the adverse effects of steroids and improve their qualities of life.