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Mechanisms of Heat Transfer II

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In convection, thermal energy is carried by the large-scale flow of matter. Ocean currents and large-scale atmospheric circulation, which result from the buoyancy of warm air and water, transfer hot air from the tropics toward the poles and cold air from the poles toward the tropics. The Earth’s rotation interacts with those flows, causing the observed eastward flow of air in the temperate zones. Convection dominates heat transfer by air, and the amount of available space for the airflow...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 30, 2025

Cooling an Optically Trapped Ultracold Fermi Gas by Periodical Driving

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Published on: March 30, 2017

Directional Radiative Cooling via Exceptional Epsilon-Based Microcavities.

Jin-Woo Cho¹, Yun-Jo Lee¹, Jae-Hyun Kim¹

¹Department of Applied Physics, Kyung Hee University, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea.

|May 18, 2023

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed novel hollow microcavities for enhanced directional thermal emission. These structures offer broadband, polarization-irrelevant emission, paving the way for practical thermal management solutions.

Keywords:

Bayesian optimization Berreman mode Midinfrared photonics directional thermal emission radiative cooling

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Area of Science:

Nanophotonics
Metamaterials
Thermal Engineering

Background:

Nanophotonics allows control over thermal emission in frequency and momentum.
Previous directional thermal emitters had limitations in spectral bandwidth, polarization, and average emissivity.
Practical applications of directional thermal emitters were hindered by these limitations.

Purpose of the Study:

To achieve broadband, polarization-irrelevant, amplified directional thermal emission.
To overcome the limitations of previous directional thermal emitters.
To demonstrate practical applications in thermal comfort and device cooling.

Main Methods:

Design of hollow microcavities with deep-subwavelength-thickness oxide shells (SiO2/AlOx).
Utilized Bayesian optimization for designing a hexagonal array of microcavities.
Investigated epsilon-near-zero and maximum-negative-permittivity wavelengths via Berreman and photon-tunneling modes.

Main Results:

Achieved broadband, polarization-irrelevant, amplified directional thermal emission.
Exhibited average emissivity (εav) of 0.51-0.62 at 60°-75° and 0.29-0.32 at 5°-20° with a parabolic antenna distribution.
Demonstrated phonon-polariton resonance mediated broadband side emission at specific wavelengths (8, 9.1, 10.9, 12 μm).

Conclusions:

The developed epsilon-based microcavities enable significant advancements in directional thermal emission.
Proof-of-concept experiments show potential for enhancing thermal comfort and cooling optoelectronic devices.
This work highlights the potential of nanophotonics for practical thermal management solutions.