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Related Concept Videos

Accessory Structures of the Skin: Sebaceous Glands01:21

Accessory Structures of the Skin: Sebaceous Glands

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A sebaceous gland is a type of oil gland found almost all over the skin ( except palms and soles) and helps lubricate and waterproof the skin and hair. Most sebaceous glands are associated with hair follicles. They generate and excrete sebum, a mixture of lipids, onto the skin surface, thereby naturally lubricating the dry and dead layer of keratinized cells of the stratum corneum, keeping it pliable.
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Exocrine Glands: Methods of Secretion01:08

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Exocrine glands are those that release their secretions through ducts. Based on their mode of secretion, they can be classified into merocrine, apocrine, and holocrine.
Merocrine Secretion
Merocrine secretion is the most common type of exocrine secretion. The secretions are enclosed in vesicles and moved to the cell's apical surface, where the contents are released by exocytosis. For example, mucous, a watery secretion rich in the glycoprotein mucin, is a merocrine secretion. The eccrine...
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Accessory Structures of the Eye01:17

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Optical perception, or vision, is an extraordinary sense dependent on converting light signals received via the ocular organs. These organs, known as eyes, are securely positioned within the bony cavities of the skull, called orbits. The orbits serve a dual purpose: a protective shield for the ocular globes and a stable attachment point for the soft ocular tissues. The eye's external protective mechanisms include the eyelids, which are edged with lashes that act as a barrier against foreign...
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Accessory Structures of the Skin: Sweat Glands01:20

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Sweat glands or sudoriferous glands are one of the important accessory structures of the skin. They are small, coiled tubular structures located in the dermis, the middle layer of the skin. Sweat glands are responsible for producing and secreting sweat, a watery fluid that helps regulate body temperature and excrete waste products.
Sweat glands are classified as merocrine glands; that is, the secretions are excreted by exocytosis through a duct without affecting the cells of the gland. There...
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Exocrine Glands: Types of Secretions01:13

Exocrine Glands: Types of Secretions

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Exocrine glands produce and release a variety of glandular products. Exocrine glands can be classified into serous, mucous, or mixed types based on their secretory products.
Serous glands produce watery secretions rich in digestive enzymes and proteins. The constituent cells of the serous gland have centrally located nuclei and eosinophilic secretory granules in the cytoplasm. The parotid gland is an example of a serous gland. It secretes saliva, which contains enzymes, such as lipases and...
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The Mammary Glands01:12

The Mammary Glands

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The female breast is a hemispheric projection of variable size positioned anterior to the pectoralis major and serratus anterior muscles. A fascia layer composed of dense, irregular connective tissue connects it to these muscles.
Each breast features a pigmented projection known as the nipple, through which milk emerges via closely spaced openings of ducts, referred to as lactiferous ducts. Surrounding the nipple is a circular pigmented area of skin named the areola, which appears rough due to...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 30, 2025

Induction of Ocular Surface Inflammation and Collection of Involved Tissues
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Meibomian gland development: Where, when and how?

Sudhir Verma1, Isabel Y Moreno2, Morgan E Trapp2

  • 1College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Zoology, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India.

Differentiation; Research in Biological Diversity
|May 18, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Meibomian glands (MGs) are crucial for eye health, producing meibum to maintain ocular homeostasis. Understanding MG development and aging is key to developing effective treatments for Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD).

Keywords:
AgingDevelopmentMaturationMeibomian glandMeibumMorphogenesis

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Regenerative Medicine

Background:

  • Meibomian glands (MGs) produce meibum, essential for ocular surface homeostasis.
  • Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) arises from atrophic MGs or altered meibum, causing significant ocular pathologies.
  • Current MGD therapies offer only symptomatic relief, lacking regenerative capacity.

Conclusions:

  • A thorough understanding of MG development and aging is vital for regenerative strategies.
  • Knowledge of MG lineage control is essential for addressing MGD.
  • This review provides a foundation for developing targeted MGD treatments.