Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

The DNA Replication Fork01:02

The DNA Replication Fork

36.2K
An organism’s genome needs to be duplicated in an efficient and error-free manner for its growth and survival. The replication fork is a Y-shaped active region where two strands of DNA are separated and replicated continuously. The coupling of DNA unzipping and complementary strand synthesis is a characteristic feature of a replication fork.   Organisms with small circular DNA, such as E. coli, often have a single origin of replication; therefore, they have only two replication...
36.2K
Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming01:24

Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming

1.9K
Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for...
1.9K
Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming01:29

Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming

2.3K
Reprogramming alters the gene expression in somatic cells, transforming them into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells over several generations. Scientists can reprogram cells by introducing genes for four transcription factors—Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) by viral or non-viral methods. These factors are also known as Yamanaka factors after Shinya Yamanaka, who first generated iPS cells using mouse skin cells. Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012...
2.3K
Nucleosome Remodeling02:54

Nucleosome Remodeling

9.2K
Nucleosomes are the basic units of chromatin compaction. Each nucleosome consists of the DNA bound tightly around a histone core, which makes the DNA inaccessible to DNA binding proteins such as DNA polymerase and RNA polymerase. Hence, the fundamental problem is to ensure access to DNA when appropriate, despite the compact and protective chromatin structure.
Nucleosome remodeling complex
Eukaryotic cells have specialized enzymes called ATP-dependent nucleosome remodeling enzymes. These enzymes...
9.2K
Maintenance of the ES Cell State01:14

Maintenance of the ES Cell State

2.2K
The cells of the blastocyst inner cell mass only remain pluripotent for a short time. This state of pluripotency and self-renewal can be maintained in embryonic stem (ES) cell culture by adding specific chemicals or growth factors to ensure the cells can continue dividing and later differentiate into different cell types. In some cases, the cells are grown on a feeder layer of differentiated cells, which provides the growth factors and extracellular matrix components necessary for stem cell...
2.2K
Restarting Stalled Replication Forks02:37

Restarting Stalled Replication Forks

5.9K
DNA replication is initiated at sites containing predefined DNA sequences known as origins of replication. DNA is unwound at these sites by the minichromosome maintenance (MCM) helicase and other factors such as Cdc45 and the associated GINS complex.The unwound single strands are protected by replication protein A (RPA) until DNA polymerase starts synthesizing DNA at the 5’ end of the strand in the same direction as the replication fork. To prevent the replication fork from falling apart,...
5.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Modeling immune responses to autologous and allogeneic human stem cell-derived islet grafts in vivo.

JCI insight·2026
Same author

Asymmetric attrition and secondary chromosome destabilization after double-strand breaks in human embryonic development.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

A loss of function variant in <i>SLC30A8/ZnT8</i> drives proteomic changes associated with lowered apoptosis in human stem cell-derived islets.

medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences·2026
Same author

Optical control of Cas9 activity through visible-light cleavable crRNAs.

RSC chemical biology·2026
Same author

The nascent transcriptome delineates the regulatory landscape in human health and disease.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025
Same author

Genome instability in mammalian embryos implications for genome editing, development, and evolution.

Current opinion in genetics & development·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 30, 2025

Quantifying Replication Stress in Ovarian Cancer Cells Using Single-Stranded DNA Immunofluorescence
06:25

Quantifying Replication Stress in Ovarian Cancer Cells Using Single-Stranded DNA Immunofluorescence

Published on: February 10, 2023

2.1K

Replication stress in mammalian embryo development, differentiation, and reprogramming.

Ning Wang1, Shuangyi Xu1, Dieter Egli1

  • 1Division of Molecular Genetics, Department of Pediatrics and Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.

Trends in Cell Biology
|May 18, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Genome duplication faces replication stress, impacting mammalian development and cell reprogramming. This review explores how DNA replication stress affects genome integrity and discusses the role of fragile sites.

Keywords:
aneuploidychromosome fragilitydouble-strand breaksmitotic errorspreimplantation embryo

More Related Videos

Forward Genetic Approach to Uncover Stress Resistance Genes in Mice &#8212; A High-throughput Screen in ES Cells
15:40

Forward Genetic Approach to Uncover Stress Resistance Genes in Mice — A High-throughput Screen in ES Cells

Published on: November 11, 2015

8.2K
Zygotic Fluorescence Recovery After Photo-bleaching Analysis for Chromatin Looseness That Allows Full-term Development
10:30

Zygotic Fluorescence Recovery After Photo-bleaching Analysis for Chromatin Looseness That Allows Full-term Development

Published on: June 12, 2018

8.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 30, 2025

Quantifying Replication Stress in Ovarian Cancer Cells Using Single-Stranded DNA Immunofluorescence
06:25

Quantifying Replication Stress in Ovarian Cancer Cells Using Single-Stranded DNA Immunofluorescence

Published on: February 10, 2023

2.1K
Forward Genetic Approach to Uncover Stress Resistance Genes in Mice &#8212; A High-throughput Screen in ES Cells
15:40

Forward Genetic Approach to Uncover Stress Resistance Genes in Mice — A High-throughput Screen in ES Cells

Published on: November 11, 2015

8.2K
Zygotic Fluorescence Recovery After Photo-bleaching Analysis for Chromatin Looseness That Allows Full-term Development
10:30

Zygotic Fluorescence Recovery After Photo-bleaching Analysis for Chromatin Looseness That Allows Full-term Development

Published on: June 12, 2018

8.0K

Area of Science:

  • Genetics and Molecular Biology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Genome duplication is prone to replication stress, leading to instability and aneuploidy.
  • Replication fork slowing and stalling are common in early mammalian development, hindering reproduction.
  • DNA replication stress impedes animal cloning, cell reprogramming, and transformation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and integrate current knowledge on DNA replication stress.
  • To explore its impact on mammalian embryos, programming, and reprogramming.
  • To discuss the role of fragile sites in sensing replication stress and cell cycle control.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and integration of existing studies.
  • Analysis of shared impacted genomic regions across different cellular contexts.
  • Discussion of potential mechanisms involving fragile sites.

Main Results:

  • Replication stress is a significant barrier in mammalian development, cloning, and reprogramming.
  • Specific genomic regions, including long genes and intergenic areas, are particularly vulnerable.
  • Fragile sites may play a crucial role in managing replication stress.

Conclusions:

  • DNA replication stress poses fundamental challenges to genome integrity and cellular processes.
  • Understanding replication stress and fragile sites is vital for improving reproductive outcomes and regenerative medicine.
  • Targeting replication stress pathways could offer therapeutic potential in various diseases.