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Genome instability in mammalian embryos implications for genome editing, development, and evolution.

Xiangyi Liu1, Shuangyi Xu1, Dieter Egli2

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Genomic instability causes developmental issues in mammalian embryos. Most species, unlike mice, show frequent chromosomal problems, impacting development and evolution.

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Genetics
  • Evolutionary Biology

Background:

  • Genomic instability is a major cause of developmental failure and abnormalities in mammals, especially humans.
  • Early embryonic development is highly sensitive to genetic integrity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and explore the significance of genome instability in early mammalian embryos across various species.
  • To discuss the impact of genomic instability on embryonic development, gene editing applications, and evolutionary implications.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative review of genomic instability in early embryos of humans, rhesus macaques, mice, bovines, equines, and porcine.
  • Analysis of chromosomal aberrations, aneuploidy, and developmental failure patterns.

Main Results:

  • Most mammalian species studied (excluding mice) exhibit frequent chromosomal aberrations and aneuploidy, leading to developmental failure.
  • Genome instability significantly impacts embryonic development across diverse mammalian lineages.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding genome stability in mammalian embryos is crucial for insights into developmental genetics and evolutionary processes.
  • Germline mutations and bottleneck effects in mammals warrant further investigation in comparison to lower vertebrates.