Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 30, 2025

Assessing Changes in Synaptic Plasticity Using an Awake Closed-Head Injury Model of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
Published on: January 20, 2023
Tonic Immobility as a Defensive Trauma Response to Rape: Bridging Public Health and Law
Brooke A de Heer1, Lynn C Jones1
1Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA.
Abstract:
There is widespread scientific evidence that validates tonic immobility (TI) as part of the trauma response in victims of rape, and criminal justice practitioners are increasingly trained in trauma-informed approaches. Yet, legal and policy definitions of consent do not fully recognize TI during the incident as evidence of nonconsent. Using a systematic review of U.S. law and policy regarding sexual violence and consent, this paper analyzes the substantial legal reform of rape law and definitions of consent, suggesting ways to further integrate TI into existing law and legal practices to improve public health approaches and justice responses for victims.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
Traumatic Memory
Post-traumatic Stress Disorder
Symptoms and Behavioral Manifestations
A spectrum of distressing symptoms characterizes PTSD. Recurrent flashbacks, where individuals involuntarily relive traumatic events,...
Torts II
Nurses' Legal Responsibilities II
Communication between nurses and...
Bystander Effect
Repressed Memory

