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Related Experiment Video

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A Mouse Model for Pathogen-induced Chronic Inflammation at Local and Systemic Sites
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Porphyromonas gingivalis induces cardiovascular dysfunction.

Dragana Stanisic1,2, Nevena Jeremic3,4, Mahavir Singh1

  • 1Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville 40202 KY, USA.

Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
|May 19, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Porphyromonas gingivalis infection causes heart inflammation and damage. Probiotic treatment with Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) may prevent these cardiovascular effects, suggesting a link between periodontal disease and heart health.

Keywords:
Lactobacillus rhamnosusMMPbacteremiaechocardiographyperiodontal disease

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Cardiology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) is a key bacterium in periodontal disease (PD).
  • The link between P. gingivalis-induced PD and cardiovascular disease (CVD) pathogenesis requires further investigation.
  • The potential of probiotics to mitigate CVD outcomes in this context is not well-established.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the direct association between P. gingivalis-induced PD and cardiovascular pathogenesis.
  • To evaluate the efficacy of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) in improving cardiovascular outcomes in a mouse model.

Main Methods:

  • Four groups of mice were used: wild-type (WT), WT with LGG, WT with P. gingivalis-induced PD, and WT with PD and LGG treatment.
  • PD was induced via intragingival P. gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection over 6 weeks.
  • Echocardiography, serum cytokine analysis, cardiac tissue histology, and zymography were performed after 12 weeks of LGG intervention.

Main Results:

  • PD mice exhibited cardiac inflammation, neutrophil/monocyte infiltration, and fibrosis.
  • Elevated serum levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17A, LPS-binding protein, and CD14 were observed in PD mice.
  • P. gingivalis mRNA and MMP-9 were elevated in the hearts of PD mice, while LGG treatment mitigated these pathological changes.

Conclusions:

  • P. gingivalis infection is associated with cardiovascular dysfunction and inflammation.
  • LGG probiotic intervention shows potential in alleviating and possibly preventing P. gingivalis-induced cardiovascular damage.
  • Findings suggest a direct role of P. gingivalis in cardiovascular pathogenesis and highlight the therapeutic potential of probiotics.