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Related Concept Videos

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:20

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

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The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...
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Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism00:57

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The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the...
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Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Acyclic Diene Metathesis (ADMET)00:53

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Acyclic diene metathesis polymerization or ADMET polymerization involves cross-metathesis of terminal dienes, such as 1,8-nonadiene, to give linear unsaturated polymer and ethylene. As ADMET is a reversible process, the formed ethylene gas must be removed from the reaction mixture to complete the polymerization process.
Similar to cross-metathesis, ADMET also involves the formation of metallacyclobutane intermediate by [2+2] cycloaddition of one of the double bonds of a terminal diene with...
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ATP and Macromolecule Synthesis01:28

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Biological macromolecules are organic compounds, predominantly composed of carbon atoms. The carbon atoms are covalently bonded with hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and other minor elements. There are four major biological macromolecule classes: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.
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Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism01:04

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

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The mechanism for anionic chain-growth polymerization involves initiation, propagation, and termination steps. In the initiation step, a nucleophilic anion, such as butyl lithium, initiates the polymerization process by attacking the π bond of the vinylic monomer. As a result, a carbanion, stabilized by the electron‐withdrawing group, is generated. The resulting carbanion acts as a Michael donor in the propagation step and attacks the second vinylic monomer, which acts as a Michael...
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Pericyclic Reactions: Introduction01:17

Pericyclic Reactions: Introduction

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Pericyclic reactions are organic reactions that occur via a concerted mechanism without generating any intermediates. The reactions proceed through the movement of electrons in a closed loop to form a cyclic transition state, where rearrangement of the σ and π bonds yields specific products.
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Updated: Jul 29, 2025

Synthesis of Information-bearing Peptoids and their Sequence-directed Dynamic Covalent Self-assembly
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Customizable Supraparticles Constructed from Catechol-Terminated Molecular Building Blocks with Controllable

Yajing Zhang1,2, Jin Wang1,3, Yunxiang He1,2

  • 1BMI Center for Biomass Materials and Nanointerfaces, College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|May 20, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a universal method to create customizable colloidal supraparticles. This approach uses molecular building blocks for tailored functionalities, enabling diverse applications in materials science and cell imaging.

Keywords:
ColloidsFunctional CustomizationMolecular Building BlocksSelf-AssemblySupraparticles

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Supramolecular Chemistry
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Colloidal supraparticles offer unique functionalities but lack customizable building blocks.
  • Tailoring supraparticle properties is crucial for advanced applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a universal and versatile strategy for constructing customizable supraparticles.
  • To enable the integration of diverse functionalities into supraparticles through molecular design.

Main Methods:

  • Covalent conjugation of catechol groups with orthogonal functional groups to create molecular building blocks.
  • Assembly of molecular building blocks into primary particles via metal-organic coordination, host-guest, or hydrophobic interactions.
  • Hierarchical assembly into supraparticles mediated by catechol-based interfacial interactions.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated a universal approach for fabricating customizable supraparticles.
  • Achieved diverse functionalities including dual-pH responsiveness and light-controllable permeability.
  • Successfully applied supraparticles for non-invasive fluorescence labeling of living cells.

Conclusions:

  • The developed strategy provides a facile route to engineer supraparticle properties.
  • The ability to tailor functionalities through molecular choice opens avenues for broad applications.
  • This method advances the design and fabrication of functional nanomaterials.