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Infant burn injuries related to water heating for powdered infant formula preparation

Katelyn V Chiang1, Erica H Anstey1,2, Steven A Abrams3

  • 1Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States.

Frontiers in Pediatrics
|May 22, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Preparing powdered infant formula (PIF) safely involves balancing risks. This study quantifies burn injuries in infants from PIF water heating, highlighting the need for clear preparation guidelines to prevent both infection and burns.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Safety
  • Foodborne Illness Prevention
  • Injury Epidemiology

Background:

  • Powdered infant formula (PIF) preparation guidelines aim for infant nutrition and safety.
  • Cronobacter sakazakii contamination in PIF poses a risk of serious infection.
  • Inconsistent recommendations exist regarding boiling water and cooling times for PIF preparation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify the incidence of burn injuries in infants associated with water heating for PIF preparation.
  • To inform evidence-based PIF preparation recommendations by assessing burn injury risks.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 2017-2019 National Electronic Injury Surveillance System data for infants under 18 months.
  • Classification of injuries based on relation to PIF water heating, undetermined causation, or other feeding aspects.
  • Calculation of unweighted case counts for identified injury categories.

Main Results:

  • Seven PIF water heating-related burn injuries were reported among infants under 18 months.
  • No fatalities occurred, but 3 injuries required hospitalization.
  • An additional 238 injuries were potentially linked to PIF water heating with undetermined causes.

Conclusions:

  • Infant formula preparation guidance must address both Cronobacter infection risks and burn hazards.
  • Evidence-based recommendations are needed to mitigate burn injuries during PIF preparation.
Abstract

Keywords:
burnsinfant formulainfant nutritioninjuriesnutrition guidelines

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