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Related Concept Videos

Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitors01:23

Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitors

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Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) is a serine protease widely distributed in the body. It's involved in the inactivation of GLP-1 and GIP hormones, which are crucial for insulin regulation. DPP-4 inhibitors, such as sitagliptin (Januvia), saxagliptin (Onglyza), linagliptin (Tradjenta), alogliptin (Nesina), and vildagliptin (Galvus), help increase the proportion of active GLP-1, enhancing insulin secretion. These inhibitors work by competitively binding to DPP-4. This binding causes a...
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Glucagon-like Receptor Agonists01:24

Glucagon-like Receptor Agonists

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Incretins include glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), which stimulate insulin secretion post-meals. In type 2 diabetes, GIP's efficacy is reduced, making GLP-1 a viable drug target. GIP originates from preproGIP.
GLP-1, when administered in high doses intravenously, triggers insulin secretion, inhibits glucagon release, slows gastric emptying, reduces food intake, and restores normal insulin secretion. However, its rapid inactivation by...
372
Antidepressant Drugs: MAOIs and Other Agents01:23

Antidepressant Drugs: MAOIs and Other Agents

285
Atypical antidepressants, including bupropion (Wellbutrin), mirtazapine (Remeron), nefazodone (Serzone), trazodone (Desyrel), and vilazodone (Viibryd), offer unique mechanisms of action. Bupropion weakly inhibits dopamine and norepinephrine reuptake, aiding depression treatment and smoking cessation, with a low risk of sexual dysfunction. Mirtazapine enhances serotonin and norepinephrine neurotransmission, leading to sedation, increased appetite, and weight gain. As a result, it helps treat...
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Drugs for Treatment of Constipation-Predominant IBS01:21

Drugs for Treatment of Constipation-Predominant IBS

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Pharmacological therapies for IBS-C are designed to alleviate abdominal discomfort and enhance bowel function. In patients with IBS-C, fiber supplements may help soften stools and decrease straining, but may also lead to increased gas production and bloating. Osmotic laxatives like milk of magnesia are frequently used to soften stools and increase stool frequency in IBS-C patients. In addition, two drugs approved for use in severe IBS-C adult cases are linaclotide (Linzess) and lubiprostone...
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Drugs for Treatment of Diarrhea-Predominant IBS01:17

Drugs for Treatment of Diarrhea-Predominant IBS

224
Diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) is a subtype of IBS characterized primarily by frequent, loose, or watery stools, abdominal pain, and abdominal discomfort. Therapeutic approaches to managing IBS-D include dietary changes, stress management techniques, and pharmaceutical interventions.
Two specific drugs used in the treatment are alosetron (Lotronex) and eluxadoline (Viberzi). Alosetron, a 5-HT3 antagonist, works by slowing the movement of stools in the gut, reducing bowel...
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Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Endothelin Receptor Antagonists01:18

Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Endothelin Receptor Antagonists

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Endothelins (ETs) are potent vasoactive peptides critical in the human body's various physiological and pathological processes. One of the most promising therapeutic strategies for treating pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) involves counteracting the effects of these endothelins using a class of drugs known as endothelin receptor antagonists.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 29, 2025

Human Liver Microphysiological System for Assessing Drug-Induced Liver Toxicity In Vitro
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Human Liver Microphysiological System for Assessing Drug-Induced Liver Toxicity In Vitro

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Tirzepatide.

Danial E Baker1, Kaitlyn Walley1, Terri L Levien1

  • 1Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA.

Hospital Pharmacy
|May 22, 2023
PubMed
Summary

The Formulary Monograph Service provides monthly drug monographs and utilization evaluations for Pharmacy & Therapeutics Committees. This service aids in drug management and informed decision-making for healthcare facilities.

Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Health Services Research

Background:

  • Pharmacy & Therapeutics Committees require timely drug information for formulary decisions.
  • New drug releases and late-stage trial agents necessitate comprehensive evaluations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the offerings of The Formulary Monograph Service.
  • To highlight the value of the service for healthcare professionals.

Main Methods:

  • Monthly delivery of 5-6 detailed monographs on new or late-phase drugs.
  • Inclusion of 1-page summary monographs for pharmacy and nursing in-services.
  • Provision of a comprehensive drug utilization evaluation/medication use evaluation (DUE/MUE) monthly.

Main Results:

  • Subscribers receive well-documented monographs and DUE/MUE reports.
Keywords:
drug informationformulary management/P & Tmetabolic/endocrine

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  • Monographs are accessible online and can be customized for specific facility needs.
  • Selected reviews are published in Hospital Pharmacy through cooperation with The Formulary.

    • Conclusions:

    • The Formulary Monograph Service supports informed drug management and formulary decisions.
    • The service offers valuable, customizable resources for healthcare facilities.