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Minimally Invasive Liquid Microjunction Sampling to Identify Dye on a 17th Century Spanish Illuminated Manuscript.

Hannah A Lawther1, G Asher Newsome1

  • 1Smithsonian Institution, Museum Conservation Institute, Suitland 20746 Maryland United States.

Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry
|May 23, 2023
PubMed
Summary

A new liquid micro-sampling method analyzes pigments on delicate cultural heritage with minimal damage. This technique uses tiny solvent volumes for mass spectrometry, preserving artifacts like 17th-century manuscripts.

Keywords:
Cultural heritageDroplet probeDyes and pigmentsElectrospray ionization

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Area of Science:

  • Art Conservation Science
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Traditional mass spectrometry sampling methods, like sectioning, are destructive to sensitive cultural heritage objects.
  • Analysis of organic pigments in historical artifacts is crucial for conservation and understanding artistic techniques.
  • Minimally invasive techniques are needed to preserve the integrity of irreplaceable cultural heritage.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate a novel liquid micro-sampling technique for mass spectrometry analysis.
  • To assess the applicability of this technique for identifying organic pigments in historical manuscripts.
  • To demonstrate the minimally invasive nature of the developed sampling method.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a liquid micro-sampling technique utilizing minimal solvent volume (0.1 μL).
  • Direct infusion electrospray mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) for pigment analysis.
  • Application to painted illustrations on a 17th-century Spanish parchment manuscript.

Main Results:

  • The liquid micro-sampling technique successfully extracted and analyzed organic red pigment from the manuscript.
  • The solvent volume used was minimal, resulting in practically invisible surface disruption.
  • Direct infusion ESI-MS provided clear analytical data from the micro-extracted samples.

Conclusions:

  • The developed liquid micro-sampling technique offers a highly effective and minimally invasive approach for analyzing cultural heritage objects.
  • This method preserves artifact integrity while enabling detailed chemical analysis of organic materials like pigments.
  • The technique is suitable for direct application in art conservation and historical artifact research.