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Related Concept Videos

Metal-Semiconductor Junctions01:24

Metal-Semiconductor Junctions

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The contact of metal and semiconductor can lead to the formation of a junction with either Schottky or Ohmic behavior.
Schottky Barriers
Schottky barriers arise when a metal with a work function (Φm) contacts a semiconductor with a different work function (Φs). Initially, electrons transfer until the Fermi levels of the metal and semiconductor align at equilibrium. For instance, if Φm > Φs, the semiconductor Fermi level is higher than the metal's before contact. The...
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Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

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Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability....
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Biasing of Metal-Semiconductor Junctions01:27

Biasing of Metal-Semiconductor Junctions

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Biasing metal-semiconductor junctions involves applying a voltage across the junction. Specifically, the metal is connected to a voltage source, while the semiconductor is grounded. This technique is essential for controlling the direction and magnitude of current flow in electronic devices, including diodes, transistors, and photovoltaic cells.
In Schottky junctions, where the semiconductor is n-type, applying a positive voltage to the metal relative to the semiconductor reduces its Fermi...
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In aromatic compounds, such as benzene, the circulation of (4n + 2) π-electrons sets up a diamagnetic or diatropic ring current around the perimeter of the molecule. This current induces a magnetic field that opposes the external field inside the ring and reinforces it on the outside. The protons in benzene are deshielded and exhibit high chemical shifts in the range 6.5–8.5 ppm. The shielding effect at the center of the ring is evident in complex aromatic molecules, such as...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 29, 2025

Spectral and Angle-Resolved Magneto-Optical Characterization of Photonic Nanostructures
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Spectral and Angle-Resolved Magneto-Optical Characterization of Photonic Nanostructures

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Higher-order nodal ring photonic semimetal.

Yuexin Zhang, Jie Tang, Xiaoyu Dai

    Optics Letters
    |May 23, 2023
    PubMed
    Summary

    We introduce a novel higher-order topological semimetal in photonic crystals, featuring unique nodal rings and hinge modes. This discovery opens new avenues for advanced photonic devices.

    Area of Science:

    • Topological physics
    • Condensed matter physics
    • Photonics

    Background:

    • Higher-order topology is a rapidly developing field.
    • Three-dimensional topological semimetals are key platforms for novel topological phases.
    • Photonic implementations are challenging due to complex design requirements.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To propose and theoretically investigate a higher-order nodal ring semimetal in a photonic system.
    • To explore topological phases in photonic crystals.
    • To overcome limitations of existing acoustic-based schemes.

    Main Methods:

    • Theoretical proposal of a higher-order nodal ring semimetal.
    • Utilizing C2 symmetry derived from C6 symmetry.
    • Analysis of three-dimensional momentum space and topological features.

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    Main Results:

    • Prediction of a higher-order nodal ring semimetal in photonic crystals.
    • Identification of hinge arcs connecting two nodal rings in 3D momentum space.
    • Observation of Fermi arcs and topological hinge modes.

    Conclusions:

    • Demonstration of a novel higher-order topological phase in photonic systems.
    • Potential for practical applications in high-performance photonic devices.
    • Advancement of topological concepts in photonic crystal research.