Super-resolved Raman imaging via galvo-painted structured line illumination

Traditional line-scan Raman imaging features a rapid imaging speed while preserving complete spectral information, yet has diffraction-limited resolution. Sinusoidally structured line excitation can yield an improvement in the lateral resolution of the Raman image along the line's direction. However, given the need for the line and spectrometer slit to be aligned, the resolution in the perpendicular direction remains diffraction limited. To overcome this, we present here a galvo-modulated structured line imaging system, where a system of three galvos can arbitrarily orient the structured line on the sample plane, while keeping the beam aligned to the spectrometer slit in the detection plane. Thus, a two-fold isotropic improvement in the lateral resolution fold is possible. We demonstrate the feasibility using mixtures of microspheres as chemical and size standards. The results prove an improvement in the lateral resolution of 1.8-fold (limited by line contrast at higher frequencies), while preserving complete spectral information of the sample.