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Related Concept Videos

Esophageal Strictures-I: Introduction01:30

Esophageal Strictures-I: Introduction

185
Esophageal strictures involve abnormal narrowing or tightening of the esophagus. They vary in length and severity, ranging from mild constriction to complete obstruction, and are classified as benign (noncancerous) or malignant (cancerous).
Etiology
The primary cause of esophageal strictures is long-standing gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), accounting for about 70 to 80% of adult cases. Chronic acid reflux can lead to injury and scarring of the esophageal lining, culminating in...
185
Pharynx01:20

Pharynx

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The pharynx, a tubular structure framed by skeletal muscle and lined with mucous membrane, extends continuously from the nasal cavities. It is segmented into three major areas: the nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx.
Nasopharynx
The nasopharynx, bordered by the conchae of the nasal cavity, serves exclusively as an air conduit. In its superior region, the pharyngeal tonsils or adenoids are located. These tonsils are clusters of lymphoid reticular tissue akin to a lymph node. The precise...
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Esophageal Perforation-II: Clinical Manifestations and Management01:28

Esophageal Perforation-II: Clinical Manifestations and Management

104
Esophageal perforations manifest in various clinical forms, influenced by factors such as the perforation's cause and location (cervical, intrathoracic, or intra-abdominal), the extent of contamination, and potential injury to adjacent mediastinal structures. The timing between the perforation occurrence and treatment initiation also affects the clinical presentation.
Clinical Manifestations:
104
Esophageal Perforation-I: Introduction01:22

Esophageal Perforation-I: Introduction

135
Esophageal perforation is a severe medical condition characterized by a breach in the integrity of the esophageal wall. This breach can occur due to various factors such as trauma, medical procedures, or underlying diseases. When the esophageal wall is compromised, it allows food, fluids, and digestive juices into the chest cavity or adjacent structures, leading to potential complications and health risks.
The location of esophageal perforation can vary, occurring anywhere along the esophagus....
135
Enteral Nutrition I: Orogastric and Nasogastric Feeding01:26

Enteral Nutrition I: Orogastric and Nasogastric Feeding

384
Enteral nutrition delivers nutrients directly to the stomach or small intestine through a tube. This method is appropriate for patients who cannot eat but still have a functioning digestive system. It is also beneficial for individuals with swallowing difficulties, anorexia, malabsorption, or those who have undergone gastrointestinal (GI) surgery.
Orogastric (OG) and nasogastric (NG) feeding are two standard methods used for enteral nutrition. Enteral nutrition is often preferred over...
384
Esophageal Strictures-II: Clinical Features and Management01:26

Esophageal Strictures-II: Clinical Features and Management

116
Patients with esophageal strictures often experience a range of symptoms. Initially, they may have difficulty swallowing solid foods, which can progress to include liquids. Additional symptoms may involve chest pain or discomfort, regurgitating food and fluids, heartburn, unintentional weight loss, coughing or choking during meals, and hoarseness.
Healthcare providers should gather a comprehensive medical history and conduct a physical examination for diagnosis. If esophageal stricture is...
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Updated: Jul 29, 2025

Tissue-Engineered Graft for Circumferential Esophageal Reconstruction in Rats
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Pharyngeaoesophageal Reconstruction.

Z-Hye Lee1, Matthew M Hanasono1

  • 1The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA.

Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America
|May 23, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Pharyngoesophageal reconstruction using fasciocutaneous flaps is a complex procedure. Despite potential complications like strictures, most patients regain oral diet and speech abilities after rehabilitation.

Keywords:
Anterolateral thigh flapPharyngoesophageal reconstructionSupercharged jejunumTotal laryngopharyngectomyTracheoesophageal speech

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Area of Science:

  • Reconstructive Surgery
  • Otolaryngology
  • Head and Neck Surgery

Background:

  • Pharyngoesophageal reconstruction presents significant surgical challenges.
  • Key goals include protecting neck vasculature, restoring digestive tract continuity, and functional recovery (speech, swallowing).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current standards and outcomes in pharyngoesophageal reconstruction.
  • To highlight the role of fasciocutaneous flaps as a gold standard technique.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current surgical techniques and literature on pharyngoesophageal reconstruction.
  • Focus on the application and outcomes of fasciocutaneous flaps.

Main Results:

  • Fasciocutaneous flaps are the established gold standard for pharyngoesophageal defects.
  • Major complications such as anastomotic strictures and fistulae can occur.
  • Most patients achieve functional recovery, including oral diet tolerance and fluent speech, post-rehabilitation.

Conclusions:

  • Fasciocutaneous flap reconstruction is effective for pharyngoesophageal defects.
  • Timely management of complications and rehabilitation are crucial for optimal patient outcomes.
  • Tracheoesophageal puncture aids in speech restoration.