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Related Concept Videos

The Tumor Microenvironment02:17

The Tumor Microenvironment

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Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
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Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Targeting oral tumor microenvironment for effective therapy.

Hendrik Setia Budi1, Bagher Farhood2

  • 1Department of Oral Biology, Dental Pharmacology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia. hendrik-s-b@fkg.unair.ac.id.

Cancer Cell International
|May 23, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Oral cancers are complex, with the tumor microenvironment (TME) significantly impacting treatment. Targeting TME components alongside cancer cells offers new strategies to overcome oral cancer resistance.

Keywords:
CD8 + T lymphocytesCancer-Associated fibroblastsImmunotherapyOral CancerTumor MicroenvironmentTumor-Associated Macrophages

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Cancer Biology

Background:

  • Oral cancers are common head and neck malignancies.
  • Traditional therapies focus on malignant cells, but the tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a crucial role in progression and treatment resistance.
  • The TME comprises extracellular matrix, immunosuppressive cells (e.g., macrophages, MDSCs, CAFs, Tregs), and anti-tumor immune cells (e.g., T lymphocytes, NK cells).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review interactions between oral cancer cells and the TME.
  • To elucidate mechanisms of therapy resistance within the oral TME.
  • To identify potential therapeutic targets and strategies for overcoming oral cancer resistance.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of experimental and clinical studies.
  • Analysis of cellular and molecular interactions within the oral TME.
  • Evaluation of therapeutic approaches targeting the TME and anti-tumor immunity.

Main Results:

  • The TME significantly influences oral cancer progression and resistance to therapies like chemotherapy and radiotherapy.
  • Immunosuppressive cells within the TME promote tumor growth, while anti-tumor immune cells can suppress it.
  • Modulating the TME and stimulating anti-cancer immunity are promising strategies for enhanced oral cancer treatment.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding oral TME dynamics is critical for developing effective cancer therapies.
  • Targeting immunosuppressive cells and stimulating anti-tumor immunity can overcome resistance mechanisms.
  • Combination therapies and novel TME-targeting strategies hold potential for improved oral cancer treatment outcomes.