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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 29, 2025

A Morphometric and Cellular Analysis Method for the Murine Mandibular Condyle
08:07

A Morphometric and Cellular Analysis Method for the Murine Mandibular Condyle

Published on: January 11, 2018

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Extracorporealization of the Mandibular Condyle: Effects on Viability and Function.

Max R Emmerling1, Meghan LaVigne2, Gary Warburton3

  • 1Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Cook County Health, Chicago, IL, USA.

Craniomaxillofacial Trauma & Reconstruction
|May 24, 2023
PubMed
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Extra-oral vertical ramus osteotomy (EVRO) with condylar extracorporealization is a viable surgical option for complex condylar fractures. This retrospective study found it effective with acceptable outcomes, despite some minor resorption and temporomandibular joint pain.

Area of Science:

  • Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
  • Orthognathic Surgery
  • Trauma Surgery

Background:

  • Extra-oral vertical ramus osteotomy (EVRO) allows extracorporealization of the condylar segment for complex fractures and osteochondromas.
  • Concerns exist regarding the long-term condylar health following this surgical approach.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the surgical outcomes and long-term viability of condylar extracorporealization using EVRO.
  • To assess clinical and radiographic results in patients treated for condylar fractures and osteochondromas.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 26 patients undergoing EVRO with condylar extracorporealization.
  • Evaluation of clinical outcomes including occlusion, maximum interincisal opening (MIO), facial asymmetry, infection, and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pain.
Keywords:
condylar fractureextraoral vertical ramus osteotomyosteochondroma

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  • Radiographic assessment for condylar resorption using panoramic imaging.

    • Main Results:

    • Average follow-up was 15.9 months, with average MIO of 36.8 mm.
    • Five patients showed mild to moderate condylar resorption; three reported TMJ pain.
    • Two malocclusions were linked to concurrent facial fractures, not the EVRO procedure itself.

    Conclusions:

    • Condylar extracorporealization via EVRO is a feasible treatment for complex condylar fractures when standard methods fail.
    • The technique demonstrates acceptable clinical outcomes and viability for specific maxillofacial reconstructive procedures.