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Calcium-Scoring CT ScanA calcium-scoring CT scan, also known as coronary artery calcium (CAC) scan, detects calcium deposits in the coronary arteries. This test assesses the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD), which can lead to cardiovascular events such as angina, heart failure, and sudden cardiac arrest.A calcium-scoring CT scan is generally recommended for individuals at intermediate risk of CAD without symptoms. It includes:Men aged 40-75 and women aged 50-75: Especially those with a...
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Cardiac computed tomography (CT) scanning is an advanced cardiac imaging technique that utilizes CT technology, with or without intravenous (IV) contrast, to produce accurate cross-sectional virtual slices of specific areas of the heart, coronary circulation, and major blood vessels such as the aorta, pulmonary veins, and arteries. The computer processes these slices to generate three-dimensional images. Multidetector CT (MDCT) is a rapid form of CT scanning that captures multiple slices...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 29, 2025

Time-Resolved, Dynamic Computed Tomography Angiography for Characterization of Aortic Endoleaks and Treatment Guidance via 2D-3D Fusion-Imaging
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Optimization of collateral grading on computer tomography angiography.

Leonardo Pisani1, Diogo C Haussen2, Mahmoud Mohammaden2

  • 1Radiology Department, St Vincent Hospital, Worcester, MA, USA.

Interventional Neuroradiology : Journal of Peritherapeutic Neuroradiology, Surgical Procedures and Related Neurosciences
|May 25, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Multi-phase CTA (mCTA) accurately assesses collateral flow in acute ischemic stroke (AIS). A dual-phase CTA offers similar accuracy to mCTA, and specific timing parameters can prevent misinterpreting collateral status on single-phase CTA.

Keywords:
CT perfusionComputed tomography angiographystrokethrombectomy

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Identifying Coronary Artery Calcification on Non-gated Computed Tomography Scans
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Identifying Coronary Artery Calcification on Non-gated Computed Tomography Scans

Published on: August 28, 2018

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroradiology
  • Vascular Imaging
  • Acute Ischemic Stroke

Background:

  • Multi-phase CT angiography (mCTA) offers superior collateral flow assessment in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) compared to single-phase CTA (sCTA).
  • Characterizing poor collaterals across different mCTA phases is crucial for treatment decisions.
  • Optimizing arterio-venous contrast timing in sCTA can prevent false positives for poor collateral status.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize poor collateral status across the three phases of mCTA in AIS patients.
  • To determine optimal arterio-venous contrast timing parameters for sCTA to avoid misdiagnosis of poor collaterals.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 105 AIS patients with intracranial internal carotid artery or middle cerebral artery occlusion, who had both mCTA and CT Perfusion.
  • Collateral status assessed on third-phase CTA as the ground truth.
  • Arterio-venous timing analysis using Hounsfield units (HU) of the torcula and torcula/patent internal carotid artery (ICA) ratio.

Main Results:

  • 19% of patients had poor collaterals on third-phase CTA.
  • First-phase CTA significantly underestimated collateral score (35%), while second and third phases showed no significant difference.
  • Optimal venous opacification thresholds for identifying suboptimal sCTA timing were determined using Youden's J point analysis.

Conclusions:

  • Dual-phase CTA provides collateral assessment comparable to mCTA and is suitable for community hospitals.
  • Establishing absolute or relative thresholds for torcula opacification can identify poor bolus timing.
  • This helps prevent erroneous assumptions of poor collaterals on sCTA, improving diagnostic accuracy in AIS.