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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 29, 2025

Using Gold-standard Gait Analysis Methods to Assess Experience Effects on Lower-limb Mechanics During Moderate High-heeled Jogging and Running
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Horizontal Foot Speed During Submaximal and Maximal Running.

Kenneth P Clark1, Laurence J Ryan2, Christopher R Meng1

  • 1Department of Kinesiology, West Chester University of PA, USA.

Journal of Human Kinetics
|May 25, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Faster running speeds correlate with increased forward and backward foot speeds. However, contrary to hypotheses, faster sprinters did not show lower ground speed differences at top speed, suggesting complex biomechanics.

Keywords:
bipedal gaitkinematicslocomotor controlrunning biomechanicssprinting

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Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Human Movement Science
  • Sports Science

Background:

  • Horizontal foot speed is crucial for running stability and synchronization.
  • Its role in sprinting performance requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify peak forward foot speed, backward foot speed at touchdown, and ground speed difference (GSD) during steady-speed running.
  • To examine the correlation of these foot speed variables with maximal running speed.

Main Methods:

  • Kinematic data were collected from 40 male and female participants during 40-m submaximal and maximal running trials.
  • Measurements focused on foot speed during the swing phase, at touchdown, and the resulting GSD.

Main Results:

  • Both peak forward foot speed and backward foot speed at touchdown were significantly and positively correlated with running speed (r = 0.90 and r = 0.85, respectively).
  • Contrary to the hypothesis, ground speed difference (GSD) showed a slight positive correlation with top speed (r = 0.36).

Conclusions:

  • Forward and backward foot speeds are key determinants of sprinting performance.
  • Faster runners may not necessarily achieve lower ground speed differences at maximal effort, indicating a nuanced relationship between foot kinematics and overall speed.