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Related Concept Videos

Growth of Cartilage and Bone Tissue01:27

Growth of Cartilage and Bone Tissue

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Chondrocytes form a temporary cartilaginous model by dividing and secreting a thick gel-like extracellular matrix. Once the chondrocytes undergo programmed cell death, osteoblasts enter the site of the cartilaginous model. The process of replacing the temporary cartilaginous model with bone in an ordered manner is called endochondral ossification. In endochondral ossification, not all of the cartilage is replaced by bone tissue. Some cartilage that performs a protective and supportive function...
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Bone Formation by Endochondral Ossification01:24

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Bone formation, or ossification, begins around the sixth to seventh week of embryonic development. Most bones develop from a cartilaginous template through the process of endochondral ossification. Cartilage formation begins when clusters of mesenchymal cells differentiate into chondrocytes. These chondrocytes proliferate rapidly and secrete an extracellular matrix that becomes encased in a membrane called the perichondrium. The resulting cartilage model provides a template that resembles the...
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Bone Remodeling01:40

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Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
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Fractures: Bone Repair01:27

Fractures: Bone Repair

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Treatment for a fracture is based on the type of break, the bone affected, and the patient's age.
Minor fractures with no bone displacement are treated by immobilizing the fractured bone using a cast or splint. However, in the case of fractures with displaced bones, the broken bones are repositioned before immobilization to ensure successful healing without deformation and loss of function. The realignment of fractured bone ends is performed through a process called reduction. If the...
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Development of the Limb Synovial Joints01:07

Development of the Limb Synovial Joints

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Joints form during embryonic development in conjunction with the formation and growth of the associated bones. The embryonic tissue that gives rise to all bones, cartilage, and connective tissues of the body is called mesenchyme.
The mesenchymal stem cells differentiate into chondrocytes that form the hyaline cartilage, and later the cartilaginous model of the bone. This model further transforms into a bone. This process is known as endochondral ossification.
During development, the limbs...
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Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling01:31

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling

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Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 29, 2025

Visualization of Chondrocyte Intercalation and Directional Proliferation via Zebrabow Clonal Cell Analysis in the Embryonic Meckel’s Cartilage
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Visualization of Chondrocyte Intercalation and Directional Proliferation via Zebrabow Clonal Cell Analysis in the Embryonic Meckel’s Cartilage

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Tick tock, the cartilage clock.

Natalie Rogers1, Qing-Jun Meng1

  • 1Wellcome Centre for Cell Matrix Research, Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK; Centre for Biological Timing, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK.

Osteoarthritis and Cartilage
|May 25, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Circadian clocks in cartilage decline with age, contributing to osteoarthritis (OA). Understanding these biological clocks may reveal new therapies for joint diseases.

Keywords:
Cartilage ECMChronotherapyCircadian rhythmClock genesOsteoarthritis

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Area of Science:

  • Chondrocyte biology
  • Molecular mechanisms of circadian rhythms
  • Age-related joint diseases

Background:

  • Osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent age-related joint disease causing pain and disability.
  • Current OA treatments lack disease-modifying capabilities due to incomplete understanding of pathogenesis.
  • Aging is associated with dampened circadian rhythms, increasing disease susceptibility.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of circadian clocks in articular cartilage chondrocytes.
  • To explore the molecular basis, function, and regulation of cartilage circadian clocks.
  • To link cartilage clock dysfunction to aging, degeneration, and osteoarthritis.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on circadian biology and osteoarthritis.
  • Analysis of circadian clock expression and function in articular cartilage.
  • Examination of rhythmic target genes, pathways, and entrainment mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • Circadian clocks are present in articular cartilage chondrocytes.
  • Clock function is linked to aging processes and cartilage degeneration.
  • Dysregulation of cartilage circadian rhythms is implicated in OA pathogenesis.

Conclusions:

  • Cartilage circadian clocks are a promising area for OA research.
  • Further investigation may improve OA biomarker standardization.
  • Understanding cartilage clocks could lead to novel therapeutic strategies for OA and musculoskeletal disorders.