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Related Concept Videos

Growth of Cartilage and Bone Tissue01:27

Growth of Cartilage and Bone Tissue

Chondrocytes form a temporary cartilaginous model by dividing and secreting a thick gel-like extracellular matrix. Once the chondrocytes undergo programmed cell death, osteoblasts enter the site of the cartilaginous model. The process of replacing the temporary cartilaginous model with bone in an ordered manner is called endochondral ossification. In endochondral ossification, not all of the cartilage is replaced by bone tissue. Some cartilage that performs a protective and supportive function...
Development of the Limb Synovial Joints01:07

Development of the Limb Synovial Joints

Joints form during embryonic development in conjunction with the formation and growth of the associated bones. The embryonic tissue that gives rise to all bones, cartilage, and connective tissues of the body is called mesenchyme.
The mesenchymal stem cells differentiate into chondrocytes that form the hyaline cartilage, and later the cartilaginous model of the bone. This model further transforms into a bone. This process is known as endochondral ossification.
During development, the limbs...
Bone Formation by Endochondral Ossification01:24

Bone Formation by Endochondral Ossification

Bone formation, or ossification, begins around the sixth to seventh week of embryonic development. Most bones develop from a cartilaginous template through the process of endochondral ossification. Cartilage formation begins when clusters of mesenchymal cells differentiate into chondrocytes. These chondrocytes proliferate rapidly and secrete an extracellular matrix that becomes encased in a membrane called the perichondrium. The resulting cartilage model provides a template that resembles the...
Bone Remodeling and Repair01:31

Bone Remodeling and Repair

Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during bone...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Culture of Murine Embryonic Metatarsals: A Physiological Model of Endochondral Ossification
07:23

Culture of Murine Embryonic Metatarsals: A Physiological Model of Endochondral Ossification

Published on: December 3, 2016

Mapping articular cartilage maturation across postnatal development by proteomics.

Giulia Giuffredi1, Mauro Gisbert1, Karin Vancíková Filas1

  • 1Conway Institute of Biomolecular & Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; School of Mechanical & Materials Engineering, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.

Osteoarthritis and Cartilage
|June 22, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Articular cartilage maturation involves significant protein changes, shifting from collagen synthesis to matrix maintenance and elastic fiber organization. This study defines the proteomic trajectory of cartilage development and aging.

Keywords:
Articular cartilagecartilage maturationdevelopmentextracellular matrixgoatmass spectrometryosteoarthritisproteomics

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Visualization of Chondrocyte Intercalation and Directional Proliferation via Zebrabow Clonal Cell Analysis in the Embryonic Meckel’s Cartilage

Published on: October 21, 2015

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Culture of Murine Embryonic Metatarsals: A Physiological Model of Endochondral Ossification
07:23

Culture of Murine Embryonic Metatarsals: A Physiological Model of Endochondral Ossification

Published on: December 3, 2016

Visualization of Chondrocyte Intercalation and Directional Proliferation via Zebrabow Clonal Cell Analysis in the Embryonic Meckel’s Cartilage
06:40

Visualization of Chondrocyte Intercalation and Directional Proliferation via Zebrabow Clonal Cell Analysis in the Embryonic Meckel’s Cartilage

Published on: October 21, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biomaterials Science

Background:

  • Articular cartilage has a specialized extracellular matrix (ECM) crucial for joint function, but its repair capacity is limited.
  • Matrix remodeling during postnatal development is vital for long-term tissue health.
  • Protein-level adaptations in cartilage ECM during growth are poorly understood, especially in large animal models.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize the proteomic changes in articular cartilage during postnatal development.
  • To identify key proteins and pathways involved in cartilage maturation.
  • To establish a molecular reference for joint development and ECM aging.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized non-targeted, label-free mass spectrometry-based proteomics.
  • Analyzed full-thickness articular cartilage from goats across seven postnatal ages (neonatal to adult).
  • Proteins were extracted and analyzed by mass spectrometry; selected proteins were confirmed by immunohistochemistry.

Main Results:

  • Identified 799 proteins, including 157 matrisome components.
  • Observed increased abundance of matrix organization and stabilization proteins (e.g., COL6A1, LOX, TIMP3, CILP) with age.
  • Revealed a developmental shift from collagen biosynthesis to elastic fiber organization, integrin-matrix interactions, and glycosaminoglycan metabolism; noted age-related lysozyme increase and overlap with osteoarthritis-associated proteins.

Conclusions:

  • Defined the proteomic trajectory of articular cartilage maturation.
  • Provided a molecular reference for understanding joint development and ECM aging.
  • Highlighted potential links between mature ECM maintenance and osteoarthritis pathology.