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Evolution of Visiting the Intensive Care Unit.

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Summary

Intensive care unit (ICU) visitation policies have historically restricted family presence. Despite evidence supporting open visitation, progress was halted by the COVID-19 pandemic, necessitating a reevaluation of family presence policies.

Keywords:
COVID-19 visitor restrictionsFamily presenceFamily-centered careIntensive care unitOpen visitationPatient-centered care

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Area of Science:

  • Critical Care Medicine
  • Healthcare Policy
  • Patient and Family Centered Care

Background:

  • Historically, intensive care units (ICUs) prohibited visitors, fearing negative impacts on patient recovery.
  • Despite accumulating evidence favoring open visitation, restrictive policies persisted, with ICUs with open visitation remaining uncommon.
  • The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted advancements in family presence, leading to the adoption of virtual visitation methods.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a historical overview of visitation policies in intensive care units (ICUs).
  • To examine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on ICU visitation practices.
  • To advocate for revised family presence policies in ICUs.

Main Methods:

  • Historical analysis of ICU visitation policies.
  • Review of literature on the effects of family presence in critical care.
  • Examination of the role of virtual visitation during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Main Results:

  • ICU visitation policies have evolved from strict prohibition to more open practices, though open visitation has remained a minority approach.
  • The COVID-19 pandemic reversed progress, increasing restrictions and promoting virtual visitation.
  • Evidence suggests virtual visitation is not a substitute for in-person family presence.

Conclusions:

  • Current ICU visitation policies require reevaluation to prioritize family presence.
  • Health systems should implement flexible family presence policies that permit visitation under all circumstances.
  • In-person family presence is crucial for patient well-being in the ICU setting.