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Updated: Jul 29, 2025

In Situ Hybridization Techniques for Paraffin-Embedded Adult Coral Samples

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Published on: August 31, 2018

New evidence for the Ontong Java Nui hypothesis.

M L G Tejada¹, T Sano², T Hanyu³

¹Research Institute for Marine Geodynamics, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokosuka, 237-0061, Japan. mtejada@jamstec.go.jp.

Scientific Reports

|May 25, 2023

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

New geochemical and age data support the Ontong Java Nui (OJN) hypothesis, suggesting the Ontong Java Plateau (OJP), Manihiki Plateau (MP), and Hikurangi Plateau (HP) were once connected. This provides evidence for a massive ancient volcanic event.

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Area of Science:

Geochemistry and geochronology of oceanic plateaus.
Plate tectonics and mantle plume dynamics.

Background:

The Ontong Java Nui (OJN) hypothesis posits that the Ontong Java Plateau (OJP), Manihiki Plateau (MP), and Hikurangi Plateau (HP) were once contiguous fragments of a super oceanic plateau.
Previous debates centered on crustal thickness, basalt composition gaps, and age discrepancies between these plateaus.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the geochemical signatures and ⁴⁰Ar-³⁹Ar ages of rocks from the OJP's eastern margin.
To provide new evidence for the OJN hypothesis and understand the integrated tectonomagmatic evolution of the OJP, MP, and HP.

Main Methods:

Dredging of volcanic rocks from the OJP's eastern margin.
Geochemical analysis of rock compositions.
⁴⁰Ar-³⁹Ar geochronology to determine eruption ages.

Main Results:

Discovery of volcanic rocks on the OJP with compositions matching low-Ti MP basalts.
New ⁴⁰Ar-³⁹Ar age data (96–116 Ma and 67–68 Ma) bridging the temporal gap between the OJP and HP.
Isotopic data suggest four mantle components in the OJN source, also found in Pacific hotspots.

Conclusions:

The findings provide significant new evidence supporting the Ontong Java Nui hypothesis.
A framework for the integrated tectonomagmatic evolution of the OJP, MP, and HP is proposed.
The mantle source of the OJN likely originated from and persisted within the Pacific Large Low Shear-wave Velocity Province.