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Gastric Motility

Gastric Motility

Gastric motility is the coordinated contraction and relaxation of stomach muscles that convert ingested food into chyme, a semi-liquid substance ready for further digestion in the intestines. The process begins with the vagus nerve inducing the relaxation of the smooth muscles in the fundus and body of the stomach, allowing these regions to expand and accommodate up to approximately 1.5 liters of food and liquid.
Peristaltic Waves and Chyme Formation
Upon food entry, the stomach initiates...

Gastric Emptying

Gastric Emptying

Gastric emptying occurs when the stomach gradually releases chyme into the duodenum. When the stomach is distended, it triggers the release of gastrin, a hormone that promotes gastric acid secretion to aid in digestion. Additionally, stomach distension contributes to peristaltic waves that propel gastric contents toward the pyloric region. The gastroenteric reflex, on the other hand, primarily stimulates peristalsis in the intestines, facilitating the movement of contents further along the...

Gross Anatomy of the Stomach

Gross Anatomy of the Stomach

The human stomach is a vital part of the digestive system, performing multiple functions. It is located within the peritoneum, a serous membrane that lines the abdominal cavity. The stomach plays a central role in processing food substances and interacts with other digestive organs through coordinated digestive processes. The stomach has a characteristic J-shape and is divided into four main regions. The cardia is the first section where the esophagus connects to the stomach and is the entry...

Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders

Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders

Gastrointestinal or GI motility disorders are characterized by irregular gastrointestinal tract movements, disrupting food transit from the mouth to the anus. They are caused by damage or dysfunction in gut muscles or nerves. These disorders can cause symptoms such as severe constipation, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and swallowing difficulties. Disorders can affect any segment of the GI tract and range widely in severity, from common conditions like GERD to life-threatening conditions like...

Esophagus

Esophagus

The esophagus, a muscular conduit linking the pharynx and stomach, measures roughly 10 inches (25.4 cm) and sits behind the trachea. It remains collapsed when not swallowing. The esophagus follows a predominantly straight path through the thoracic mediastinum and enters the abdominal cavity through a diaphragmatic opening known as the esophageal hiatus.
The movement of edibles from the pharynx into the esophagus is facilitated by the upper esophageal sphincter, which is formed primarily by the...

Appendicitis-I: Introduction

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The appendix, a small, narrow, blind tube extending from the inferior part of the cecum, is widely regarded as a vestigial organ, having lost much of its original function through evolution. Despite its diminished role, the appendix can become inflamed, a condition known as appendicitis.
Etiology: Appendicitis can arise from various causes, primarily rooted in the obstruction of the appendix lumen. Factors contributing to this obstruction include fecal accumulation, lymphoid hyperplasia and, in...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 29, 2025

Author Spotlight: Point-of-Care Ultrasound for Gastric Content Assessment and Risk Stratification in Perioperative Care

Author Spotlight: Point-of-Care Ultrasound for Gastric Content Assessment and Risk Stratification in Perioperative Care

Published on: September 22, 2023

Gastric duplication cyst with peristalsis.

Lixia Li¹, Jun Li², Huabo Sun³

¹Pathology, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University.

Revista Espanola De Enfermedades Digestivas

|May 26, 2023

Summary

A young man had an asymptomatic perirenal cyst found during a physical screening. Surgical removal was successful, offering a potential treatment for similar renal masses.

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Area of Science:

Urology
Radiology
Surgical Oncology

Background:

Perirenal cysts are rare and often asymptomatic incidental findings.
Diagnostic imaging plays a crucial role in characterizing renal and perirenal masses.

Observation:

A 24-year-old male presented with an asymptomatic right perirenal cyst detected via ultrasound.
Multi-phase computed tomography (CT) revealed a hypodense cystic mass with observed peristalsis between the liver and right kidney.

Findings:

The cystic mass was successfully and completely resected using laparoscopic surgery.
Laparoscopic resection is a viable minimally invasive approach for perirenal cystic lesions.

Implications:

This case highlights the importance of thorough imaging evaluation for perirenal cysts.
Minimally invasive laparoscopic surgery can be effectively employed for the management of such renal masses.