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Viral infection in chronic otitis media with effusion in children

Annette Runge1, Sonja Straif1, Zoltan Banki2

  • 1Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.

Frontiers in Pediatrics
|May 26, 2023
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Respiratory viruses are detected in most children with chronic otitis media with effusion (COME). Higher rates of virus-associated COME correlate with elevated body mass index (BMI) and altered immune cell responses.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Otolaryngology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Immunology

Background:

  • The role of respiratory viruses in pediatric chronic otitis media with effusion (COME) remains unclear.
  • This study investigates the presence of respiratory viruses in middle ear effusions (MEE) and their association with other factors in children with COME.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of respiratory viruses in MEE of children with COME.
  • To explore the association between respiratory viruses, nasopharyngeal viral load, local bacteria, and cellular immune responses in COME.
  • To investigate the correlation between clinical data, including BMI, and virus detection in COME.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study involving 69 children aged 2-6 undergoing myringotomy for COME.
  • Analysis of MEE and nasopharyngeal swabs using PCR to detect and quantify respiratory viruses.
  • Flow cytometry (FACS) was used to analyze immune cell populations and exhaustion markers in MEE, with correlations to clinical data like BMI.

Main Results:

  • Respiratory viruses were detected in 64% of MEE samples, with Rhinovirus being the most common.
  • Higher virus detection rates in MEE were associated with elevated BMI.
  • Increased monocyte levels and elevated exhaustion markers on T cells and monocytes were observed in MEE.

Conclusions:

  • Respiratory viruses are significantly associated with pediatric COME.
  • Elevated BMI is linked to a higher incidence of virus-associated COME.
  • Alterations in innate immune cell proportions and T-cell exhaustion markers may indicate a chronic viral infection component in COME.
Keywords:
body mass indexchildrenchronic otitis media with effusionimmune cell exhaustionrespiratory virus

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