Water Diffusion and Uptake in Injectable ETTMP/PEGDA Hydrogels

Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and pulsed field gradient spin echo nuclear magnetic resonance (PFGSE NMR) were used to characterize water in hydrogels of ethoxylated trimethylolpropane tri-3-mercaptopropionate (ETTMP) and poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA). Freezable and nonfreezable water were quantified using DSC; water diffusion coefficients were measured using PFGSE NMR. No freezable water (free or intermediate) was detected from DSC for hydrogels of 0.68 and greater polymer mass fractions. Water diffusion coefficients, from NMR, decreased with increasing polymer content and were assumed to be weighted averages of free and bound water contributions. Both techniques showed decreasing ratios of bound or nonfreezable water mass per polymer mass with increasing polymer content. Swelling studies were used to quantify the equilibrium water content (EWC) to determine which compositions would swell or deswell when placed in the body. At 30 and 37 °C, fully cured, non-degraded ETTMP/PEGDA hydrogels at polymer mass fractions of 0.25 and 0.375, respectively, were shown to be at EWC.