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Related Concept Videos

Skin Diseases and Disorders01:23

Skin Diseases and Disorders

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Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
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Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
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Clinical Applications of Epidermal Stem Cells01:19

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Epidermal stem cells (EpiSCs) are mainly located at the basal layer of the epidermis. These cells repair minor injuries of the skin and replace dead skin cells. However, EpiSCs’ cannot heal severe wounds such as major burns or those from diabetes or hereditary disorders. In such cases, culturing the epidermal stem cells from the patient is possible and has yielded successful treatment options, such as laboratory-grown skin grafts. These grafts are synthesized using a patient’s own...
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Accessory Structures of the Skin: Sebaceous Glands01:21

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A sebaceous gland is a type of oil gland found almost all over the skin ( except palms and soles) and helps lubricate and waterproof the skin and hair. Most sebaceous glands are associated with hair follicles. They generate and excrete sebum, a mixture of lipids, onto the skin surface, thereby naturally lubricating the dry and dead layer of keratinized cells of the stratum corneum, keeping it pliable.
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Reticular Dermis01:15

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The papillary and reticular dermis are the two layers of the dermis. They are made of connective tissue with fibers of collagen extending from one to the other, making the border between the two somewhat indistinct. The dermal papillae extending into the epidermis belong to the papillary layer, whereas the dense collagen fiber bundles below belong to the reticular layer.
Reticular Layer
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A hair follicle or HF is a small part of the skin that produces the hair shaft. Paul Gerson Unna was the first to observe a bulge in the human hair follicle's outer root sheath (ORS). The bulge is present between the sebaceous gland and the arrector pili muscle and is the niche for hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs). The bulge is also a niche for melanocyte stem cells, and their loss results in graying of hair. The HFSCs express Sox9 and Lhx2, which help them maintain stemness and prevent...
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Updated: Jul 29, 2025

In Vitro Model of Human Cutaneous Hypertrophic Scarring using Macromolecular Crowding
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In Vitro Model of Human Cutaneous Hypertrophic Scarring using Macromolecular Crowding

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Keloids and Hypertrophic Scars.

Ariel Knowles1, Donald A Glass2

  • 1Department of Dermatology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-9069, USA.

Dermatologic Clinics
|May 26, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Keloids are excessive scars that grow beyond wounds. Effective keloid treatment often requires a multimodal approach, especially after surgery, to prevent recurrence.

Keywords:
FibroblastHypertrophic scarKeloidsScarringTreatment

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Wound Healing Research
  • Scarring Biology

Background:

  • Keloids represent an abnormal, exuberant scarring response following skin injury.
  • They extend beyond the original wound boundaries, posing a significant clinical challenge.
  • Risk factors include age, race, genetics, and personal/family history of keloids.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the key factors influencing keloid development and recurrence.
  • To discuss current and potential treatment modalities for keloids.
  • To emphasize the importance of post-operative management in preventing keloid recurrence.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of keloid pathophysiology, risk factors, and treatment options.
  • Analysis of current clinical practices in keloid management.
  • Synthesis of evidence supporting multimodal therapeutic strategies.

Main Results:

  • Identified age, race, and history of keloids as significant risk factors.
  • Highlighted the high recurrence rates of keloids post-surgical excision.
  • Demonstrated the necessity of combining various treatment modalities for optimal outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Keloid formation is a complex biological process influenced by multiple factors.
  • Surgical excision alone is often insufficient due to high recurrence rates.
  • A comprehensive, multimodal treatment strategy is crucial for managing keloids effectively and preventing their return.