Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Maintenance of the ES Cell State01:14

Maintenance of the ES Cell State

2.2K
The cells of the blastocyst inner cell mass only remain pluripotent for a short time. This state of pluripotency and self-renewal can be maintained in embryonic stem (ES) cell culture by adding specific chemicals or growth factors to ensure the cells can continue dividing and later differentiate into different cell types. In some cases, the cells are grown on a feeder layer of differentiated cells, which provides the growth factors and extracellular matrix components necessary for stem cell...
2.2K
Stem Cell Niche01:26

Stem Cell Niche

5.2K
The stem cell niche is the dynamic microenvironment where stem cells reside. Inside these niches, the cells may remain undifferentiated, undergo high self-renewal, or become lineage-specific progenitors. Stem cells coexist with other niche cells, such as stromal cells. They also interact closely with the ECM. Cell-cell and cell-matrix communication occur via adhesion molecules or soluble factors that signal the stem cells and determine their fate. Stromal cells also provide survival signals to...
5.2K
Stem Cell Culture01:17

Stem Cell Culture

5.2K
Stem cell research aims to find ways to use stem cells to regenerate and repair cellular damage. Over time, most adult cells undergo the wear and tear of aging and lose their ability to divide and repair themselves. Stem cells do not display a particular morphology or function. Adult stem cells, which exist as a small subset of cells in most tissues, keep dividing and can differentiate into a number of specialized cells generally formed by that tissue. These cells enable the body to renew and...
5.2K
Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells01:01

Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells

3.2K
All blood and immune cells are produced from the multipotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) by the process of hematopoiesis. However, they all have a limited life span. In addition, many are depleted in immune surveillance or combatting an injury or infection. This makes blood one of the most regenerative tissues. Hematopoiesis helps replenish these blood and immune cells, restoring the body's normal functioning. However, overproduction of blood and immune cells can make them cancerous or...
3.2K
Cellular Differentiation00:57

Cellular Differentiation

2.8K
How does a complex organism such as a human develop from a single cell? It all starts from a single fertilized egg which gives rise to a vast array of cell types, such as nerve cells, muscle cells, and epithelial cells that characterize the adult? Throughout development and adulthood, cellular differentiation leads cells to assume their final morphology and physiology. Differentiation is the process by which unspecialized cells become specialized to carry out distinct functions.
A zygote is a...
2.8K
Multipotency of Hematopoietic Stem Cells01:19

Multipotency of Hematopoietic Stem Cells

3.2K
The hematopoietic stem cells or HSCs are multipotent, meaning they can differentiate and give rise to all blood and immune cells. HSCs are maintained in the quiescent stage until an external stimulus initiates their differentiation. The multipotent HSCs exist as two heterogeneous populations, long-term repopulating cells (LTRC) and short-term repopulating cells (STRC). The two HSC populations have different surface markers or receptors and are classified based on quiescence and long-term...
3.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Intranasal and intracerebroventricular delivery of metabolically glycoengineered neural stem cells to enhance post-cardiac arrest brain recovery.

Neural regeneration research·2025
Same author

The impact of ethnic discrimination on chronic pain: the role of sex and depression.

Ethnicity & health·2023
Same author

Emergent Criticality in Coupled Boolean Networks.

Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)·2023
Same author

A Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the PROMIS Sleep Disturbance Among Law Enforcement Officers.

Journal of police and criminal psychology·2022
Same author

Compassion, communication, and the perception of control: a mixed methods study to investigate patients' perspectives on clinical practices for alleviating distress and promoting empowerment during awake craniotomies.

British journal of neurosurgery·2021
Same author

Adaptive body awareness predicts fewer central sensitization-related symptoms and explains relationship between central sensitization-related symptoms and pain intensity: A cross-sectional study among individuals with chronic pain.

Pain practice : the official journal of World Institute of Pain·2021
Same journal

Research on a Regional Availability Evaluation Model for Road-Area High-Entropy Energy Based on Synergy Factors.

Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same journal

Atmospheric Turbulence Channel Modeling and Performance Analysis of a CO-ZP-OFDM Coherent Optical Communication System for UAV Air-to-Ground Scenarios.

Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same journal

Information Geometry and Asymptotic Theory for SMML Estimators.

Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same journal

Correlation Entropy and Power-Law Kinetics.

Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same journal

Research on the Contagion of Systemic Financial Risk Under the Impact of Climate Risks-From the Perspective of Complex Networks and Machine Learning.

Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same journal

The Statistical-Mechanical Meaning of the Wave Function of Quantum Mechanics.

Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 29, 2025

Generation of Aggregates of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells that Show Symmetry Breaking, Polarization and Emergent Collective Behaviour In Vitro
11:37

Generation of Aggregates of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells that Show Symmetry Breaking, Polarization and Emergent Collective Behaviour In Vitro

Published on: November 24, 2015

18.0K

Self-Regulated Symmetry Breaking Model for Stem Cell Differentiation.

Madelynn McElroy1,2, Kaylie Green1,2, Nikolaos K Voulgarakis1

  • 1Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA.

Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)
|May 27, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Stem cell differentiation is modeled as a phase transition. A new model shows how stem cell populations can break symmetry and differentiate by self-regulating noise.

Keywords:
bifurcation theorycell differentiationmean field theoryphase transitionsself-tuned criticalitysymmetry breaking

More Related Videos

Efficient Neural Differentiation using Single-Cell Culture of Human Embryonic Stem Cells
11:17

Efficient Neural Differentiation using Single-Cell Culture of Human Embryonic Stem Cells

Published on: January 18, 2020

10.1K
Patterning the Geometry of Human Embryonic Stem Cell Colonies on Compliant Substrates to Control Tissue-Level Mechanics
10:04

Patterning the Geometry of Human Embryonic Stem Cell Colonies on Compliant Substrates to Control Tissue-Level Mechanics

Published on: September 28, 2019

8.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 29, 2025

Generation of Aggregates of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells that Show Symmetry Breaking, Polarization and Emergent Collective Behaviour In Vitro
11:37

Generation of Aggregates of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells that Show Symmetry Breaking, Polarization and Emergent Collective Behaviour In Vitro

Published on: November 24, 2015

18.0K
Efficient Neural Differentiation using Single-Cell Culture of Human Embryonic Stem Cells
11:17

Efficient Neural Differentiation using Single-Cell Culture of Human Embryonic Stem Cells

Published on: January 18, 2020

10.1K
Patterning the Geometry of Human Embryonic Stem Cell Colonies on Compliant Substrates to Control Tissue-Level Mechanics
10:04

Patterning the Geometry of Human Embryonic Stem Cell Colonies on Compliant Substrates to Control Tissue-Level Mechanics

Published on: September 28, 2019

8.4K

Area of Science:

  • Systems Biology
  • Theoretical Biology
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Stem cell differentiation involves symmetry breaking, transitioning from pluripotent to specialized states.
  • This process requires collective behavior and noise regulation in stem cell populations.
  • Understanding stem cell differentiation as a phase transition offers new modeling approaches.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a mean-field model for stem cell populations exhibiting phase transition dynamics.
  • To investigate the role of cell-cell cooperativity, variability, and noise in stem cell differentiation.
  • To explore the potential for spontaneous symmetry breaking and self-regulation of noise in stem cell systems.

Main Methods:

  • A mean-field model incorporating cell-cell cooperativity, cell-to-cell variability, and finite-size effects was developed.
  • A feedback mechanism was introduced to enable self-regulation of intrinsic noise.
  • Standard stability analysis and bifurcation theory were employed to analyze the model's behavior.

Main Results:

  • The model demonstrates self-tuning through bifurcation points, enabling spontaneous symmetry breaking (differentiation).
  • The system can differentiate into multiple cell types, mathematically represented as stable nodes and limit cycles.
  • A Hopf bifurcation was identified, providing insights into the dynamics of stem cell differentiation.

Conclusions:

  • Stem cell differentiation can be effectively modeled as a disorder-order phase transition.
  • Self-regulation of intrinsic noise and collective behavior are crucial for spontaneous symmetry breaking in stem cell populations.
  • The model provides a mathematical framework for understanding stem cell differentiation dynamics, including the emergence of specialized cell types.