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SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Venezuelan Pediatric Patients-A Single Center Prospective Observational Study

Francis Isamarg Crespo1, Soriuska José Mayora1, Juan Bautista De Sanctis2,3

  • 1Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Central University of Venezuela, Caracas 1040, Venezuela.

Biomedicines
|May 27, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Children exhibit distinct immune responses to SARS-CoV-2, often with milder COVID-19 illness. This study explored pediatric immune profiles, finding correlations between cytokine levels, age, and disease severity.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Immunology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Virology

Background:

  • Children generally show milder COVID-19 symptoms than adults.
  • Understanding the pediatric immune response to SARS-CoV-2 is crucial, especially given its prevalence in certain regions.
  • Venezuelan pediatric COVID-19 cases represented 16% of active infections in September 2020.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the immune response and clinical conditions of pediatric patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection.
  • To analyze lymphocyte subpopulations and serum cytokine concentrations (IFNγ, IL-6, IL-10) in relation to clinical severity.
  • To explore how age, nutritional status, and steroid use influence the immune response in pediatric COVID-19.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional study conducted at Dr José Manuel de los Ríos Children's Hospital (2021-2022).
  • Analysis of lymphocyte subpopulations using flow cytometry.
  • Quantification of serum IFNγ, IL-6, and IL-10 via ELISA assays in 72 pediatric patients (1 month to 18 years).

Main Results:

  • 52.8% of patients experienced mild COVID-19; 30.6% were diagnosed with MIS-C (multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children).
  • Fever, cough, and diarrhea were the primary symptoms.
  • Correlations identified between IL-10/IL-6 and age, lymphocyte subsets, nutritional status, steroid use, and clinical severity.

Conclusions:

  • Pediatric immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 vary significantly based on age and nutritional status.
  • Cytokine profiles (IL-6, IL-10) are linked to disease severity and patient characteristics.
  • These findings underscore the need for tailored treatment strategies for pediatric COVID-19.

Keywords:
COVID-19IFNγIL-10IL-6MIS-Clymphocyte subpopulationsmalnutritionpediatric COVID-19steroids

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