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Related Concept Videos

Behavior of Concrete Under Compressive Load01:23

Behavior of Concrete Under Compressive Load

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Concrete exhibits specific behaviors under different compressive loads. Understanding this is crucial for understanding its structural integrity. When concrete undergoes uniaxial compression, it tends to develop cracks that run parallel to the direction of the force. These parallel cracks stem from localized tensile stresses that occur perpendicular to the compression direction. Additionally, angled cracks may appear due to the formation of shear planes.
As the concrete specimen fractures under...
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Compacting Factor test01:22

Compacting Factor test

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The compacting factor test is a method used to assess the workability of concrete. It is  especially suitable for concrete mixes containing aggregates up to one and a half inches in size. This test involves specialized equipment consisting of two truncated cone-shaped hoppers and a cylinder, all with polished interior surfaces to minimize friction.
The procedure begins by placing concrete into the upper hopper without any compaction. Once filled, the bottom door of this hopper is opened,...
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Strength of Cement01:20

Strength of Cement

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Strength tests for cement are not performed directly on neat cement paste due to difficulty in obtaining consistent, reliable specimens. Instead, cement is typically tested in the form of cement-sand mortar.
For compressive strength tests, ASTM C 109-05 standards prescribe a cement-sand mix ratio of 1:2.75 and a water/cement ratio of 0.485 for making 2-inch cubes. These cubes are mixed, cast, and cured in saturated lime water at 23°C until testing. Flexural strength testing, outlined in...
175
Design Example: Aggregate Gradation01:24

Design Example: Aggregate Gradation

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The right type and quality of aggregates are crucial for concrete as they significantly influence its properties, mix proportions, and cost-effectiveness. If different sources are available for sand, the commonly used fine aggregate in concrete, the selection of sand is primarily based on its gradation.
The grading, or particle-size distribution, of sand is determined using sieve analysis, with standard sizes ranging from 150 μm to 10 mm (ASTM No. 100 sieve to 3⁄8 in. sieve). Sand is...
128
Deleterious Substances in Aggregate01:25

Deleterious Substances in Aggregate

217
Deleterious substances in aggregates can be detrimental to the quality and durability of concrete. These substances include organic impurities like loam, which interfere with cement hydration and are usually present in the sand. These prevent a good bond between aggregate and cement paste. Organic impurities can be detected using the colorimetric test, where the darkness of a solution after agitation indicates the level of organic content.
Another type of impurity is clay and fine material that...
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Fineness Modulus01:19

Fineness Modulus

541
The fineness modulus (FM) of aggregate is a numerical index that measures the coarseness or fineness of the particles. It is calculated by adding the cumulative percentages of aggregate retained on each of a specified series of sieves and dividing the sum by 100.
Consider performing sieve analysis on sand through a set of ASTM sieves. The weight of aggregate retained in each sieve and pan placed at the bottom is recorded, as given in Column B of Table 1.
To determine the fineness modulus of...
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Numerical Investigation on the Compressive Behavior of Desert Sand-Based Backfill Material: Parametric Study.

Haitian Yan1, Honglin Liu1,2, Guodong Li1,2,3

  • 1School of Geology and Mining Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)
|May 27, 2023
PubMed
Summary

This study developed a desert sand-based backfill material for mine filling, enhancing High Water Backfill Material (HWBM) with Xinjiang desert sand. Numerical simulations confirmed its effectiveness in improving mechanical properties and predicting strength.

Keywords:
PFC3Ddesert sandhigh-water backfill materialparametric study

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Area of Science:

  • Mining Engineering
  • Materials Science
  • Geotechnical Engineering

Background:

  • Large-scale coal mining in Xinjiang, China, poses environmental risks like surface subsidence.
  • Utilizing abundant desert sand for backfill materials is crucial for sustainable development and resource management.
  • High Water Backfill Material (HWBM) is essential for mine engineering applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate a desert sand-based backfill material using modified HWBM.
  • To investigate the mechanical properties and bearing performance of the new backfill material.
  • To predict the strength of desert sand-based backfill materials through numerical simulation.

Main Methods:

  • Preparation of modified HWBM doped with Xinjiang Kumutage desert sand.
  • Mechanical property testing of the desert sand-based backfill material.
  • 3D numerical modeling using discrete element particle flow software (PFC3D) to analyze parameters like sand content, porosity, particle size, and model size.

Main Results:

  • Increased desert sand content significantly improved the mechanical properties of HWBM specimens.
  • Numerical model results for stress-strain relationships closely matched experimental data.
  • Optimizing desert sand particle size distribution and reducing porosity enhanced bearing capacity.

Conclusions:

  • Desert sand can be effectively utilized to create a viable backfill material for mining operations.
  • Numerical simulations provide accurate predictions of the mechanical strength of desert sand-based backfill materials.
  • The developed material meets mine filling requirements, offering a sustainable solution for Xinjiang's mining industry.