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Related Concept Videos

Raman Spectroscopy: Overview01:20

Raman Spectroscopy: Overview

480
The underlying principle of Raman spectroscopy is based on the interaction between light and matter, specifically molecules' inelastic scattering of photons. When a monochromatic beam of light, typically from a laser source, interacts with a sample, most scattered light has the same frequency as the incident light. This is known as Rayleigh scattering.
However, a small fraction of the scattered light exhibits a frequency shift due to the exchange of energy between the incident photons and...
480
Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview01:26

Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview

470
A conventional Raman spectrophotometer includes a laser source, a sample holding system, a wavelength selector, and a detector.
The monochromatic laser source, typically using visible or near-infrared radiation, generates a highly focused beam of light. This light interacts with the molecules of the sample, scattering some of the light. Liquid and gaseous samples are usually tested in ordinary glass capillaries, while solids can be analyzed as powders packed in capillaries or as potassium...
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Spectroscopy of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives01:26

Spectroscopy of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives

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Infrared spectroscopy is primarily used to determine the types of bonds and functional groups. In carboxylic acid derivatives, a typical carbonyl bond absorption is observed around 1650–1850 cm−1. For esters, the absorption is recorded at around 1740 cm−1, while acid halides show the absorption at about 1800 cm−1. Another acid derivative, the acid anhydrides, exhibit two carbonyl absorption around 1760 cm−1 and 1820 cm−1, arising from the symmetrical and...
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Related Experiment Video

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Exploring the Solid-State Landscape of Carbamazepine during Dehydration: A Low Frequency Raman Spectroscopy

Peter Iii J G Remoto1, Kārlis Bērziņš1, Sara J Fraser-Miller1

  • 1The Dodd-Walls Centre for Photonic and Quantum Technologies, Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand.

Pharmaceutics
|May 27, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Low-frequency Raman spectroscopy effectively monitored carbamazepine dehydration, identifying solid-state form IV transformations. This technique offers enhanced pharmaceutical process control and monitoring capabilities.

Keywords:
THz Raman spectroscopycarbamazepinedehydrationlow-frequency Raman spectroscopypolymorphismsolid-state

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Area of Science:

  • Solid-state chemistry
  • Pharmaceutical sciences
  • Spectroscopy

Background:

  • Carbamazepine is a widely used antiepileptic drug with various solid-state forms.
  • Understanding solid-state transformations during drug processing is crucial for pharmaceutical quality control.
  • Raman spectroscopy is a valuable tool for characterizing drug polymorphs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the solid-state landscape of carbamazepine during dehydration.
  • To explore the utility of low-frequency Raman spectroscopy for monitoring phase transformations.
  • To compare the effectiveness of low- and mid-frequency Raman spectroscopy in tracking carbamazepine dehydration.

Main Methods:

  • Raman spectroscopy was employed in both low- (-300 to 300 cm-1) and mid- (300 to 1800 cm-1) frequency regions.
  • Density functional theory (DFT) with periodic boundary conditions was used for spectral characterization.
  • Principal component analysis (PCA) and multivariate curve resolution (MCR) analyzed dehydration pathways.

Main Results:

  • Experimental Raman spectra showed good agreement with DFT calculations (mean average deviation < 10 cm-1).
  • The dehydration of carbamazepine dihydrate was studied at temperatures ranging from 40 to 60 °C.
  • Low-frequency Raman spectroscopy successfully detected the transient formation and disappearance of carbamazepine form IV, outperforming mid-frequency analysis.

Conclusions:

  • Low-frequency Raman spectroscopy provides unique insights into rapid solid-state transformations during carbamazepine dehydration.
  • This technique demonstrates significant potential for real-time pharmaceutical process monitoring and control.
  • The study highlights the complementary nature of low- and mid-frequency Raman spectroscopy for comprehensive solid-state analysis.