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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

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T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
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The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 28, 2025

Retroviral Overexpression of CXCR4 on Murine B-1a Cells and Adoptive Transfer for Targeted B-1a Cell Migration to the Bone Marrow and IgM Production
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Inherited CD19 Deficiency Does Not Impair Plasma Cell Formation or Response to CXCL12.

Kieran Walker1, Anoop Mistry2, Christopher M Watson1,3

  • 1Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, St. James's University Hospital, Beckett Street, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK.

Journal of Clinical Immunology
|May 28, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

CD19 is not essential for generating antibody-secreting cells or their response to CXCL12. Its absence in B cells may affect localization, proliferation, or survival, contributing to hypogammaglobulinemia due to fewer memory B cells.

Keywords:
CD19CXCR4antibody deficiencyplasma cells

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • CD19 is expressed on B cells, aiding B cell receptor signaling, but its role in later differentiation stages is unclear.
  • CD19 deficiency impacts B cell activation and memory B cell production.
  • Plasma cells typically lack CD19 expression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the role of CD19 in plasma cell generation and function.
  • Utilize B cells from a CD19-deficient individual for in vitro differentiation studies.

Main Methods:

  • Screened a primary immunodeficiency patient using flow cytometry and long-read nanopore sequencing.
  • Differentiated patient and control B cells into plasma cells in vitro.
  • Assessed signaling pathways (e.g., ERK, AKT) and gene expression (RNA-seq) upon stimulation.

Main Results:

  • Identified a pathogenic CD19 mutation in the patient, confirming CD19 deficiency.
  • CD19-deficient B cells generated phenotypically normal plasma cells with normal CXCR4 levels.
  • CD19-deficient plasma cells responded to CXCL12, though signaling was diminished compared to total B cells; CD19 ligation induced AKT phosphorylation in normal plasma cells.

Conclusions:

  • CD19 is not required for antibody-secreting cell generation or their CXCL12 response.
  • CD19 may influence plasma cell localization, proliferation, or survival via other ligands.
  • Hypogammaglobulinemia in CD19-deficient individuals is likely due to a lack of memory B cells.