Health behaviors among head and neck cancer survivors

To determine to what extent head and neck cancer (HNC) survivors participate in health behaviors (HBs) recommended by the National Cancer Center Network (NCCN®).

Participants identified through the tumor registries at the Abramson Cancer Center (ACC), University of Pennsylvania and affiliated sites. Eligibility: (a) diagnosis and treatment HNC; (b) aged 18 to 70 years; (c) ≥ 1-year post-diagnosis; (d) human papillomavirus (HPV) status confirmed; (e) ability to understand written English. Potential participants received an explanation of the study, informed consent, self-reported questionnaire, and self-addressed stamped envelope.

451 individuals eligible, 102 (23%) agreed to participate, HPV positive (74%). Current smoking rare (7%), historical use common (48%). Current alcohol use common (65%), average 2.1 drinks/day, 12 days/month. 22% binge drank with an average of 3.5 binge-drinking sessions per month. Nutritional behavior mean 7.1 (range 0-16), lower scores indicating better nutrition. Body mass index (BMI) 59% overweight/obese. Adequate aerobic exercise 59%, adequate strength and flexibility 64%. Leisure time activity, 18% sedentary, 19% moderately active, 64% active. All participants reported having a primary care physician, 92% seen in the previous 12 months.

Most HNC survivors participated in some HBs. Current smoking rarely reported, binge drinking and high BMI most common negative HBs. Opportunities remain to improve dietary and exercise behaviors.

The NCCN® has outlined HBs that decrease likelihood of cancer survivors developing comorbidities that could impact overall survival. It is incumbent on healthcare providers to educate and encourage cancer survivors to participate in these HBs.