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A Psychophysics Paradigm for the Collection and Analysis of Similarity Judgments
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Coherence, not conditional meaning, accounts for the relevance effect.

Maxime Bourlier1, Baptiste Jacquet1,2, Daniel Lassiter3

  • 1Université Paris 8, Laboratoire Cognition Humaine et Artificielle (CHArt, RNSR 200515259U), Saint-Denis, France.

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The study found that the need for an inferential connection in conditional statements is not unique to them, supporting a general theory of discourse coherence over specialized theories for conditionals.

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conditionalsdiscourse coherence theoryhypothetical inferential theorypragmaticsrelevance effect

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Science
  • Linguistics
  • Philosophy of Language

Background:

  • Missing-link conditionals, where both clauses are true but lack a logical connection (e.g., "If bats have wings, Paris is in France"), are often considered unacceptable.
  • The Hypothetical Inferential Theory posits a conventional requirement for an inferential link in conditionals to explain this.
  • Bayesian theories challenge this, suggesting a broader discourse coherence requirement applies to all clause connections.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally investigate whether the perceived acceptability of statements depends on an inferential connection.
  • To compare the role of inferential links in conditionals versus other statement types like conjunctions and juxtapositions.
  • To test the predictions of the Bayesian approach combined with general discourse coherence theory against the Hypothetical Inferential Theory.

Main Methods:

  • An experiment was conducted comparing the acceptability of three types of statements: conditionals ("If A, C"), conjunctions ("A and C"), and bare juxtapositions ("A. C.").
  • The presence or absence of a systematic inferential link between the clauses was manipulated across these statement types.

Main Results:

  • The presence or absence of an inferential link affected the acceptability of conditionals, conjunctions, and juxtapositions in a similar manner.
  • A single systematic exception was observed, which aligns with predictions from prior coherence theory research.
  • The results indicate that the inferential link's impact is not exclusive to conditional statements.

Conclusions:

  • The findings support the Bayesian approach and a general theory of discourse coherence, as the effect of inferential links is consistent across different statement structures.
  • This challenges the Hypothetical Inferential Theory's claim of a unique requirement for inferential connections within conditional statements.
  • Discourse coherence provides a unified explanation for the acceptability of various connected statements, including conditionals.