Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy in a 12-Year-Old With Recurrent Failure of Ventriculoperitoneal Shunts

With a success rate of about 80%, ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunts are widely used for the treatment of hydrocephalus. Whether congenital or acquired, hydrocephalus is not a single disease entity. It can be caused by abnormal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) reabsorption, obstruction along the ventricular pathways, or, very rarely, increased production of CSF itself. This case presents a patient with a history of congenital hydrocephalus with multiple failed VP shunts. Through various clinical examinations and diagnostic measures, an endoscopic third ventriculostomy was eventually performed. This case highlights the rare complications, yet a large possibility, that can lead to failure of VP shunts in more than one way and when it is appropriate for shunt reversal versus removal.