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Related Concept Videos

Autophagy01:27

Autophagy

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Autophagy is a self-digesting process by which a cell protects itself from threats both within and outside the cell, ranging from abnormal proteins to invading bacteria. In this process, obsolete components of the cell and invading microbes are degraded by hydrolytic enzymes active in an acidic environment of the lysosomal lumen.
An autophagic pathway consists of a series of signaling events activated in response to diverse stress and physiological conditions such as food deprivation,...
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Delivery Pathways to the Lysosome01:36

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Eukaryotic cells use different mechanisms to eliminate toxic waste obsolete and worn-out substances. Lysosomes play a pivotal role in this, and hence, these substances are carried to the lysosome from other parts of the cell and extracellular space through different pathways. The most elaborately studied pathways to the lysosome are the endocytic pathways.
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Autophagic Cell Death01:18

Autophagic Cell Death

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Christian de Duve discovered “autophagy,” a process in which cellular components are engulfed by membrane-bound organelles called autophagosomes. The autophagosomes then fuse with lysosomes to digest the enclosed contents. Autophagy is generally activated in cells to prevent cell death. However, cell death is triggered when the damage is beyond repair.
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Receptor Downregulation in MVBs01:15

Receptor Downregulation in MVBs

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Multivesicular bodies (MVBs) are mature endosomes that sort ubiquitinated proteins and then fuse with lysosomes to degrade the sorted proteins. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) and its receptor (EGFR) form a complex that can be internalized through endocytosis, sorted into an MVB, and later degraded.
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Overview of Secretory Vesicles01:33

Overview of Secretory Vesicles

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Secretory vesicles, also known as dense core vesicles (DCVs), are membrane-bound vesicles that transport secretory proteins, such as hormones or neurotransmitters. Regulated secretory vesicles transport proteins from the trans-Golgi network to the exterior of the cell. Proteins present in regulated secretory vesicles are required to be rapidly exocytosed in large amounts upon a specific stimulus.
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Autocrine Signaling01:01

Autocrine Signaling

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Autocrine signaling is one of the many signaling mechanisms that function inside multicellular organisms to carry out intercellular communication. In this type of signaling mechanism, the same cell that secretes an extracellular signaling molecule also expresses the receptors to bind and respond to that signaling molecule.
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Updated: Jul 28, 2025

Exploring the Regulation of Lipid Droplet Catabolism through Lipophagy
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Exploring the Regulation of Lipid Droplet Catabolism through Lipophagy

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Immune modulation through secretory autophagy.

Andreas Weigert1, Lina Herhaus2

  • 1Institute of Biochemistry I, Goethe University School of Medicine, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.

Journal of Cellular Biochemistry
|June 1, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Secretory autophagy uses extracellular vesicles to communicate cellular stress. This process informs the immune system, potentially enabling therapeutic interventions for restoring tissue homeostasis.

Keywords:
autophagycancerextracellular vesiclesimmunityinfectioninflammationsecretionsecretory autophagy

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siRNA Electroporation to Modulate Autophagy in Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1-Infected Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells
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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Autophagy is a key cellular process for maintaining homeostasis by degrading cellular components.
  • Emerging research indicates autophagy also facilitates communication between cells through secretory autophagy.
  • Secretory autophagy involves the autophagy machinery in releasing cellular cargo via extracellular vesicles (EVs).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the role of secretory autophagy in communicating cellular and tissue pathophysiological states.
  • To understand how secretory autophagy signals to the immune system for restoring homeostasis.
  • To highlight the therapeutic potential of targeting secretory autophagy.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on autophagy, secretory autophagy, and extracellular vesicles.
  • Analysis of the mechanisms linking autophagy machinery to EV secretion.
  • Examination of immune system recognition of EVs and their cargo.

Main Results:

  • Secretory autophagy actively releases cellular content within EVs, reflecting the cell's condition.
  • EVs secreted through autophagy can modulate the function of recipient cells.
  • The immune system detects EVs and their cargo, responding to signals of disturbed homeostasis.

Conclusions:

  • Secretory autophagy serves as a critical communication pathway between cells and the immune system.
  • Understanding this process can reveal how cellular dysfunction is signaled for homeostasis restoration.
  • Targeting secretory autophagy may offer novel therapeutic strategies for immune-mediated diseases and tissue repair.