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Mismatch Repair

Mismatch Repair

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Updated: Jul 28, 2025

Identification of Mouse and Human Antibody Repertoires by Next-Generation Sequencing

Identification of Mouse and Human Antibody Repertoires by Next-Generation Sequencing

Published on: March 15, 2019

ARMADiLLO: a web server for analyzing antibody mutation probabilities.

Joshua S Martin Beem¹, Sravani Venkatayogi¹, Barton F Haynes^1,2

¹Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center; Durham, NC27710, USA.

Nucleic Acids Research

|June 1, 2023

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

A new web server, ARMADiLLO, estimates the probability of antibody mutations during affinity maturation. This tool aids immunologists and vaccine designers in understanding B cell evolution and developing effective antibody therapies.

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Area of Science:

Immunology
Molecular Biology
Bioinformatics

Background:

Antibodies are crucial for pathogen defense, with their specificity refined through affinity maturation.
Somatic hypermutation, a key process in affinity maturation, involves DNA mutations with context-dependent probabilities.
Understanding these mutation probabilities is vital for B cell biology and vaccine development.

Purpose of the Study:

To introduce the ARMADiLLO web server, a user-friendly interface for analyzing antibody mutations.
To provide probability estimates for amino acid substitutions in antibody sequences.
To support research in B cell ontogeny and the design of broadly neutralizing antibodies.

Main Methods:

Development of the Antigen Receptor Mutation Analyzer for the Detection of Low Likelihood Occurrences (ARMADiLLO) program.
Implementation of a web server interface for sequence analysis and probability estimation.
Simulation of somatic hypermutation to determine mutation likelihoods.

Main Results:

The ARMADiLLO web server provides probability estimates for all possible amino acid changes in antibody sequences.
Precomputed results for human V gene segments and HIV broadly neutralizing antibodies are available.
The tool facilitates the identification of developmentally rate-limiting improbable mutations.

Conclusions:

The ARMADiLLO web server offers a valuable resource for immunologists and vaccine designers.
It enhances the study of B cell receptor evolution and the development of targeted antibody therapies.
The tool aids in understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying antibody diversification.