Assessing the FAIRness of databases on the EHDEN portal: A case study on two Dutch ICU databases

To address the growing need for effective data reuse in health research, healthcare institutions need to make their data Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable (FAIR). A prevailing method to model databases for interoperability is the Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership (OMOP) Common Data Model (CDM), developed by the Observational Health Data Sciences and Informatics (OHDSI) initiative. A European repository for OMOP CDM-converted databases called the "European Health Data & Evidence Network (EHDEN) portal" was developed, aiming to make these databases Findable and Accessible. This paper aims to assess the FAIRness of databases on the EHDEN portal.

Two researchers involved in the OMOP CDM conversion of separate Dutch Intensive Care Unit (ICU) research databases each manually assessed their own database using seventeen metrics. These were defined by the FAIRsFAIR project as a list of minimum requirements for a database to be FAIR. Each metric is given a score from zero to four based on how well the database adheres to the metric. The maximum score for each metric varies from one to four based on the importance of the metric.

Fourteen out of the seventeen metrics were unanimously rated: seven were rated the highest score, one was rated half of the highest score, and five were rated the lowest score. The remaining three metrics were assessed differently for the two use cases. The total scores achieved were 15.5 and 12 out of a maximum of 25.

The main omissions in supporting FAIRness were the lack of globally unique identifiers such as Uniform Resource Identifiers (URIs) in the OMOP CDM and the lack of metadata standardization and linkage in the EHDEN portal. By implementing these in future updates, the EHDEN portal can be more FAIR.