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Related Concept Videos

RNA Polymerase II Accessory Proteins02:36

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Proteins that regulate transcription can do so either via direct contact with RNA Polymerase or through indirect interactions facilitated by adaptors, mediators, histone-modifying proteins, and nucleosome remodelers. Direct interactions to activate transcription is seen in bacteria as well as in some eukaryotic genes. In these cases, upstream activation sequences are adjacent to the promoters, and the activator proteins interact directly with the transcriptional machinery. For example, in...
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Gene transcription is regulated by the synergistic action of several proteins that form a complex at a gene regulatory site. This is observed in eukaryotes, where the regulation of gene expression is a complex process. Regulatory proteins in eukaryotes can broadly be classified into two types – regulators that bind directly to specific DNA sequences and co-regulators that associate with regulatory proteins but cannot directly bind to the DNA. These co-regulators are further divided into...
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In eukaryotic cells, nascent mRNA transcripts need to undergo many post-transcriptional modifications to reach the cell cytoplasm and translate into functional proteins. For a long time, transcription and pre-mRNA processing were considered two independent events that occur sequentially in the cell. However, it has now been well established that transcription and pre-mRNA processing are two simultaneous processes that are precisely regulated inside the cell.
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Transcription Factors02:16

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Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
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The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the...
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Cooperative Binding of Transcription Regulators02:13

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Transcriptional regulators bind to specific cis-regulatory sequences in the DNA to regulate gene transcription. These cis-regulatory sequences are very short, usually less than ten nucleotide pairs in length. The short length means that there is a high probability of the exact same sequence randomly occurring throughout the genome.  Since regulators can also bind to groups of similar sequences, this further increases the chances of random binding. Transcriptional regulators form...
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Updated: Jul 28, 2025

CARIP-Seq and ChIP-Seq: Methods to Identify Chromatin-Associated RNAs and Protein-DNA Interactions in Embryonic Stem Cells
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Chromatin-interacting RNA-binding proteins regulate transcription.

Xiaolan Chen1, Chuan Huang1

  • 1School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China.

Trends in Cell Biology
|June 3, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Chromatin-interacting RNA-binding proteins (ChRBPs) are newly identified regulators. These proteins influence gene expression by interacting with chromatin and affecting transcriptional activities.

Keywords:
RNA polymerase IIRNA-binding proteinschromatin stateliquid–liquid phase separationtranscription factortranscriptional regulation

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Epigenetics
  • Transcriptional Regulation

Background:

  • RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) are crucial for RNA metabolism.
  • Recent findings suggest some RBPs also interact with chromatin.
  • This interaction implies a role in transcriptional regulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the mechanisms of chromatin-interacting RBPs (ChRBPs).
  • To discuss the role of ChRBPs in regulating chromatin and transcriptional activities.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on ChRBPs.
  • Analysis of experimental evidence linking RBPs to chromatin and transcription.

Main Results:

  • ChRBPs physically interact with chromatin.
  • ChRBPs modulate chromatin structure and accessibility.
  • ChRBPs directly influence gene transcription initiation and elongation.

Conclusions:

  • ChRBPs represent a novel class of regulatory factors.
  • Understanding ChRBPs is key to deciphering complex gene regulation networks.
  • ChRBPs offer new therapeutic targets for diseases involving aberrant transcription.