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Attitude is our evaluation of a person, an idea, or an object. We have attitudes for many things ranging from products that we might pick up in the supermarket to people around the world to political policies. Typically, attitudes are favorable or unfavorable: positive or negative (Eagly & Chaiken, 1993). And, they have three components: an affective component (feelings), a behavioral component (the effect of the attitude on behavior), and a cognitive component (belief and knowledge;...
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Charles Darwin proposed that facial expressions are an evolutionary adaptation for communication. He argued that these expressions are not influenced by culture but are universal across species. For example, a snarling expression with exposed teeth signals a threat in many animals, including humans. Darwin also suggested that displaying an emotion can intensify the feeling. Smiling, for example, could enhance one's sense of happiness. This idea laid the foundation for understanding the role...
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Implicit memories, also known as non-declarative memories, are long-term memories that function outside of conscious awareness. These memories influence behavior and skills without explicit knowledge. This type of memory is evident in tasks like playing tennis, snowboarding, and texting. Implicit memory has three subsystems: procedural memory, conditioning, and priming. This type of memory is essential in various activities, from everyday tasks to specialized skills.
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Subliminal perception refers to the processing of sensory information that occurs below the level of conscious awareness. Researchers study subliminal perception by presenting a stimulus, such as a word or image, very quickly, typically around 50 milliseconds. This rapid presentation is often followed by another stimulus, such as a pattern of dots or lines, which blocks further mental processing of the initial stimulus. As a result, if participants cannot identify the initial stimulus better...
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A 3D framework of implicit attitude change.

Benedek Kurdi1, Tessa E S Charlesworth2

  • 1Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.

Trends in Cognitive Sciences
|June 3, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Implicit social attitudes can change, challenging early theories. This study introduces a 3D framework to integrate research on implicit attitude change across different levels, sources, and timescales.

Keywords:
attitude changedevelopmental changeimplicit attitudeslevels of analysismultimethod designssocial change

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Area of Science:

  • Social Psychology
  • Attitude Change Research

Background:

  • Early theories posited implicit (automatic) social attitudes are immutable.
  • Recent research challenges this view using experimental, developmental, and cultural approaches.
  • Findings are siloed across research communities, necessitating integration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematize and integrate disparate findings on implicit attitude change.
  • To identify gaps in current knowledge regarding implicit attitude modification.
  • To propose a comprehensive framework for understanding implicit attitude change.

Main Methods:

  • Introduction of a novel 3D framework for classifying research.
  • Framework categorizes studies by levels of analysis (individual vs. collective).
  • Framework considers sources of change (experimental, ontogenetic, cultural) and timescales (short-term vs. long-term).

Main Results:

  • The 3D framework highlights areas with robust evidence for implicit attitude change.
  • It identifies domains where evidence is less established.
  • The framework points to promising directions for future research.

Conclusions:

  • Implicit attitude change is possible and influenced by multiple factors.
  • A systematic framework is crucial for advancing research in this field.
  • Future research should explore interdisciplinary intersections to deepen understanding.