Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 28, 2025
08:57
Simultaneous Measurement of Superoxide/Hydrogen Peroxide and NADH Production by Flavin-containing Mitochondrial Dehydrogenases
Published on: February 24, 2018
10.1K
The acute effect of different NAD
Xiangyu Li1, Hong Yang2, Han Jin2
1Bash Biotech Inc, 600 West Broadway, Suite 700, San Diego, CA, 92101, USA; Science for Life Laboratory, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden; Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510005, China.
Free Radical Biology & Medicine
|June 4, 2023
Summary
Combined Metabolic Activators (CMAs) with nicotinamide (Nam), nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), or nicotinamide riboside (NR) effectively boost NAD+ levels. These precursors show promise for improving metabolic conditions without adverse effects like flushing.
Area of Science:
- Metabolic biochemistry
- Human clinical studies
- Nutraceutical research
Background:
- NAD+ and glutathione precursors are used to manage metabolic disorders like NAFLD and diabetes.
- Combined Metabolic Activators (CMAs) aim to improve metabolic health.
- Understanding the efficacy and safety of different NAD+ precursors within CMAs is crucial.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess the safety and acute effects of six different CMA formulations containing NAD+ precursors.
- To analyze the impact of various NAD+ precursors on plasma metabolomics.
- To identify optimal CMA formulations for boosting NAD+ levels.
Main Methods:
- A one-day, double-blinded, placebo-controlled human clinical study.
- Administration of six different CMAs with 1g of various NAD+ precursors.
- Global metabolomics analysis of plasma samples.
Main Results:
- The NAD+ salvage pathway is the primary route for increasing NAD+ levels via CMAs without direct NAD+ precursors.
- Nicotinamide (Nam) incorporation into CMAs most effectively boosted NAD+ products, followed by niacin (NA), nicotinamide riboside (NR), and nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN).
- Niacin (NA) administration caused flushing and potentially risky changes in phospholipids and bilirubin levels.
Conclusions:
- CMAs containing nicotinamide (Nam), nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), or nicotinamide riboside (NR) are effective for boosting NAD+ levels.
- These formulations show potential for improving metabolic conditions.
- Flush-free niacin (FFN) did not demonstrate significant NAD+ boosting effects in this study.
Related Concept Videos
01:29Role of Reduced Coenzymes NADH and FADH₂
11.9K
The energy released from the breakdown of the chemical bonds within nutrients can be stored either through the reduction of electron carriers or in the bonds of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). In living systems, a small class of compounds functions as mobile electron carriers, molecules that bind to and shuttle high-energy electrons between compounds in pathways. The principal electron carriers that will be considered originate from the B vitamin group and are derivatives of nucleotides; they are...
11.9K
01:19Oxidation and Reduction of Organic Molecules
6.7K
Energy production within a cell involves many coordinated chemical pathways. Most of these pathways are combinations of oxidation and reduction reactions, which occur at the same time. An oxidation reaction strips an electron from an atom in a compound, and the addition of this electron to another compound is a reduction reaction. Because oxidation and reduction usually occur together, these pairs of reactions are called redox reactions.
The removal of an electron from a molecule, results in a...
The removal of an electron from a molecule, results in a...
6.7K
01:24Electron Carriers
85.3K
Electron carriers can be thought of as electron shuttles. These compounds can easily accept electrons (i.e., be reduced) or lose them (i.e., be oxidized). They play an essential role in energy production because cellular respiration is contingent on the flow of electrons.
Over the many stages of cellular respiration, glucose breaks down into carbon dioxide and water. Electron carriers pick up electrons lost by glucose in these reactions, temporarily storing and releasing them into the electron...
Over the many stages of cellular respiration, glucose breaks down into carbon dioxide and water. Electron carriers pick up electrons lost by glucose in these reactions, temporarily storing and releasing them into the electron...
85.3K
01:29Drugs Affecting Neurotransmitter Synthesis
1.4K
Drugs affecting neurotransmitter synthesis can impact the adrenergic neuron and the synthesis of neurotransmitters. For example, α-methyltyrosine and carbidopa target specific enzymes involved in catecholamine synthesis. α-methyltyrosine inhibits the enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase, which converts tyrosine into dopamine. By blocking this enzyme, α-methyltyrosine reduces dopamine production and other catecholamines. Carbidopa, on the other hand, inhibits the enzyme dopa decarboxylase,...
1.4K
01:30Cognitive Enhancers: Cholinesterase Inhibitors and NMDA Receptor Antagonists
166
Cognitive enhancers, also known as "smart drugs," are substances used to enhance memory, mental alertness, and concentration. These can be natural or synthetic and improve cognition in conditions like Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative diseases. Some common examples include caffeine, amphetamines, methylphenidate, modafinil, arecoline, donepezil, vortioxetine, and piracetam. These enhancers work on the principle of synaptic plasticity and altered circuit function.
166