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Monosexual/Plurisexual: A Concise History.

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Monosexuality and bisexuality are historical concepts. Early European medical frameworks influenced the understanding of sexual orientation, framing bisexuality as "sexual inversion" and popularizing it in sexological studies.

Keywords:
Bisexuality (historical perspectives)Eugen Wilhelm (1842–1923)medical historymonosexualitynonmonosexualityplurisexualitypsychosexual hermaphroditism

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Area of Science:

  • * History of Sexuality
  • * Social Psychology
  • * Medical Humanities

Background:

  • * Monosexuality and bisexuality are historical constructs, not inherent biological states.
  • * Concepts of erotic attraction evolved from monomodal (single-gender) to multimodal (multi-gender) frameworks.
  • * Early European conceptualizations shaped the understanding of sexual orientation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To outline the historical emergence of distinctions between single-gender and multi-gender attractions in continental Europe.
  • * To examine the influence of 19th-century medical frameworks on sexual orientation concepts.
  • * To trace the popularization and internationalization of bisexuality in sexology.

Main Methods:

  • * Historical analysis of 19th-century European medical and sexological literature.
  • * Review of conceptual shifts in understanding erotic attraction.
  • * Examination of key surveys and publications from the early 1900s.

Main Results:

  • * Nineteenth-century medical discourse framed gender-exclusive sexual orientation with negative connotations.
  • * Bisexuality was increasingly conceptualized as a stage of
  • * Surveys from Germany and the Netherlands in 1904 significantly contributed to the international discourse on bisexuality.

Conclusions:

  • * The understanding of monosexuality and bisexuality is rooted in historical and social constructs.
  • * Medical and sexological perspectives in 19th-century Europe significantly influenced the categorization and perception of sexual orientations.
  • * The popularization of bisexuality as a subject of sexological interest was a key development in the early 20th century.